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41.
Across languages, children with developmental dyslexia are known to have impaired lexical phonological representations. Here,
we explore associations between learning new phonological representations, phonological awareness, and sensitivity to amplitude
envelope onsets (rise time). We show that individual differences in learning novel phonological representations are related
to individual differences in both rise time categorization and rise time discrimination when non-verbal IQ and short-term
memory skills are controlled. This is consistent with the developmental claim that difficulties in the basic auditory processing
of rise time cause difficulties in setting up the phonological lexicon from infancy, leading to impairments in phonological
awareness. 相似文献
42.
Zsuzsanna Surányi Valéria Csépe Ulla Richardson Jennifer M. Thomson Ferenc Honbolygó Usha Goswami 《Reading and writing》2009,22(1):41-56
It has been proposed that sensitivity to the parameters underlying speech rhythm may be important in setting up well-specified
phonological representations in the mental lexicon. However, different acoustic parameters may contribute differentially to
rhythm and stress in different languages. Here we contrast sensitivity to one such cue, amplitude envelope onset (rise time),
in dyslexic and normally-developing children in two languages, Hungarian and English, ages from 7 to 11. Dyslexic and control
children received phonological tasks, reading and spelling tasks and auditory processing tasks. While sensitivity to rise
time was related to phonological representation in both languages, clear differences were found between languages. It is suggested
that these differences may reflect differential language-specific weighting of different acoustic cues to rhythm and stress.
相似文献
| Valéria CsépeEmail: |
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44.
Usha Goswami 《Child development》1991,62(1):1-22
Analogical reasoning in children has been measured in 2 ways, either using the classical a:b::c:d item analogy task found on IQ tests, or by asking children to solve target problems after learning about analogous problems and their solutions. Theories based on the 2 kinds of measure are discussed and the evidence for them is assessed. It is concluded that structural views of analogical development, which have traditionally suggested that analogical reasoning is late developing, are wrong. Knowledge-based accounts of what develops are more appealing but cannot completely explain failures on analogical tasks. An account of analogical development that allows early analogical competence but that also postulates the later development of metalogical skills may provide the best account of the data. 相似文献
45.
Transitive Relational Mappings in Three- and Four-Year-Olds: The Analogy of Goldilocks and the Three Bears 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Usha Goswami 《Child development》1995,66(3):877-892
3 experiments examined the ability of a group of 3- and 4-year-old children to make transitive relational mappings based on size. In the first experiment, the children were asked to map relative size from 1 array of objects to another when the absolute sizes of the stimuli were either identical or different, and when the spatial positions of the relationally similar stimuli in each array were also either identical or different. In the second experiment, the concrete representation of size relations between the arrays was varied by asking the children to map relative size to relative proportion. In this cross-representational mapping task, the spatial position of the relationally similar stimuli was again either identical or different. In Experiment 3, the children were asked to map relative size to a variety of different perceptual dimensions including temperature, pitch, and loudness. This more abstract mapping task required the use of mentally represented transitive relations. Each experiment presented the mapping task using the analogy of Goldilocks and the Three Bears. The results are discussed in terms of theories of structure mapping and the development of logical reasoning. 相似文献
46.
Debabrata Goswami 《Resonance》2005,10(6):8-14
Quantum computing exploits the quantum mechanical nature of matter to exist in multiple possible states simultaneously. Building
up on the digital binary logic of bits, quantum computing is built on the basis of interacting two-level quantum systems or
‘qubits’ that follow the laws of quantum mechanics. Addressability of the quantum system and its fragility to fidelity are
the major issues of concern, which if addressed appropriately, will enable this new approach to revolutionize the present
form of computing.
Debabrata Goswami is at the Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, where he explores the applications
of ultrafast shaped pulses to bio-imaging, coherent control, high-speed communication and quantum computing. 相似文献
47.
Usha Goswami 《Literacy》2008,42(2):67-74
Brain imaging offers a new technology for understanding the acquisition of reading by children. It can contribute novel evidence concerning the key mechanisms supporting reading, and the brain systems that are involved. The extensive neural architecture that develops to support efficient reading testifies to the complex developmental processes that underpin the acquisition of literacy. Here, I provide a brief overview of recent studies, analysed within a cognitive framework of reading development. 相似文献
48.
Jennifer M. Thomson Ben Fryer James Maltby Usha Goswami 《Journal of Research in Reading》2006,29(3):334-348
Children with developmental dyslexia appear to be insensitive to basic auditory cues to speech rhythm and stress. For example, they experience difficulties in processing duration and amplitude envelope onset cues. Here we explored the sensitivity of adults with developmental dyslexia to the same cues. In addition, relations with expressive and receptive rhythm tasks, such as tempi recognition and manual tapping to a metronome, were explored. Our goal was to investigate whether the auditory deficits seen in dyslexia are specific to cues to speech rhythm and stress, or are part of a wider rhythmic awareness problem. A group of 19 undergraduate students with dyslexia were compared with 20 age‐ and ability‐matched controls. The findings confirmed a relationship between auditory rhythm sensitivity and literacy in adults, as well as showing an association with metronome inter‐tap‐interval variability. 相似文献
49.
Phonological difficulties characterize children with developmental dyslexia across languages, but whether impaired auditory processing underlies these phonological difficulties is debated. Here the causal question is addressed by exploring whether individual differences in sensory processing predict the development of phonological awareness in 86 English-speaking lower- and middle-class children aged 8 years in 2005 who had dyslexia, or were age-matched typically developing children, some with exceptional reading/high IQ. The predictive relations between auditory processing and phonological development are robust for this sample even when phonological awareness at Time 1 (the autoregressor) is controlled. High reading/IQ does not much impact these relations. The data suggest that basic sensory abilities are significant longitudinal predictors of growth in phonological awareness in children. 相似文献
50.
Goswami B Singh B Chawla R Gupta VK Mallika V 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2010,25(4):376-379
Laboratory analytical turnaround time is a reliable indicator of laboratory effectiveness. Our study aimed to evaluate laboratory
analytical turnaround time in our laboratory and appraise the contribution of the different phases of analysis towards the
same. The turn around time (TAT) for all the samples (both routine and emergency) for the outpatient and hospitalized patients
were evaluated for one year. TAT was calculated from sample reception to report dispatch. The average TAT for the clinical
biochemistry samples was 5.5 h for routine inpatient samples while the TAT for the outpatient samples was 24 h. The turnaround
time for stat samples was 1 h. Pre- and Post-analytical phases were found to contribute approximately 75% to the total TAT.
The TAT demonstrates the need for improvement in the pre- and post-analytical periods. We need to tread the middle path to
perform optimally according to clinician expectations. 相似文献