Victim, perpetrator, family, and incident characteristics of infant and child homicide in the United States Air Force     

Lucas DR  Wezner KC  Milner JS  McCanne TR  Harris IN  Monroe-Posey C  Nelson JP 《Child abuse & neglect》2002,26(2):167-186

OBJECTIVE: The present study describes factors related to fatal abuse in three age groups in the United States Air Force (USAF). METHOD: Records from 32 substantiated cases of fatal child abuse in the USAF were independently reviewed for 60 predefined factors. RESULTS: Males were over-represented in young child victims (between 1 year and 4 years of age) and child victims (between 4 years and 15 years of age) but not in infant victims (between 24 hours and 1 year of age). African-American infant victims and perpetrators were over-represented. Younger victims were more likely to have been previously physically abused by the perpetrator. Perpetrators were predominantly male and the biological fathers of the victims. Infant and young child perpetrators reported childhood abuse histories, while child perpetrators reported the highest frequency of mental health contact. Victims' families reported significant life stressors. Families of young child victims were more likely divorced, separated, or single. Incidents with infants and young children tended to occur without witnesses; incidents with child victims tended to have the victim's sibling(s) and/or mother present. Fatal incidents were more frequent on the weekend, in the home, and initiated by some family disturbance. CONCLUSIONS: Differences among groups in factors related to infant and child homicide across age groups may assist in the development of more tailored abuse prevention efforts and may also guide future investigations.  相似文献   

A theoretical analysis of the role of social networks in entrepreneurship     

Dennis P. Leyden  Albert N. Link  Donald S. Siegel 《Research Policy》2014

Entrepreneurship involves innovation and uncertainty. We outline a theory of entrepreneurship, which highlights the importance of social networks in promoting innovation and reducing uncertainty. Our findings suggest that this “social” aspect of entrepreneurship increases the probability of entrepreneurial success. The results also lend credence to theories of entrepreneurship that suggest that entrepreneurial opportunities are formed endogenously by the entrepreneurs who create them. We also consider the public policy implications of our findings.  相似文献   

Challenges and Accomplishments of Practicing Formative Assessment: a Case Study of College Biology Instructors’ Classrooms     

Khajeloo  Mojtaba  Birt  Julie A.  Kenderes  Elizabeth M.  Siegel  Marcelle A.  Nguyen  Hai  Ngo  Linh T.  Mordhorst  Bethany R.  Cummings  Keala 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2022,20(2):237-254

International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education - This study presents a glimpse into the private classrooms of biology instructors and the way they practice formative assessments within...  相似文献   

Building the BIKE: Development and Testing of the Biotechnology Instrument for Knowledge Elicitation (BIKE)     

Stephen B. Witzig  Carina M. Rebello  Marcelle A. Siegel  Sharyn K. Freyermuth  Kemal Izci  Bruce McClure 《Research in Science Education》2014,44(5):675-698

Identifying students’ conceptual scientific understanding is difficult if the appropriate tools are not available for educators. Concept inventories have become a popular tool to assess student understanding; however, traditionally, they are multiple choice tests. International science education standard documents advocate that assessments should be reform based, contain diverse question types, and should align with instructional approaches. To date, no instrument of this type targeting student conceptions in biotechnology has been developed. We report here the development, testing, and validation of a 35-item Biotechnology Instrument for Knowledge Elicitation (BIKE) that includes a mix of question types. The BIKE was designed to elicit student thinking and a variety of conceptual understandings, as opposed to testing closed-ended responses. The design phase contained nine steps including a literature search for content, student interviews, a pilot test, as well as expert review. Data from 175 students over two semesters, including 16 student interviews and six expert reviewers (professors from six different institutions), were used to validate the instrument. Cronbach’s alpha on the pre/posttest was 0.664 and 0.668, respectively, indicating the BIKE has internal consistency. Cohen’s kappa for inter-rater reliability among the 6,525 total items was 0.684 indicating substantial agreement among scorers. Item analysis demonstrated that the items were challenging, there was discrimination among the individual items, and there was alignment with research-based design principles for construct validity. This study provides a reliable and valid conceptual understanding instrument in the understudied area of biotechnology.  相似文献   

Retrospective analyses of the reading development of grade 4 students with reading disabilities: risk status and profiles over 5 years     

Lipka O  Lesaux NK  Siegel LS 《Journal of learning disabilities》2006,39(4):364-378

This study presents a longitudinal examination of the development of reading and reading-related skills of 22 Grade 4 children identified as having reading disabilities (RD) who had been followed since kindergarten. The analyses were conducted to investigate the patterns of emergence of RD as well as reading ability and risk status across the 5 years. The findings of the study are presented with an examination of the trajectories of the children with RD as compared to Grade 4 typical readers (matched for grade, gender, language status, and school) with a similar profile on literacy skills in kindergarten. The results demonstrate the heterogeneous nature of the trajectory of RD in school-age children; although many of the children with RD were at risk in kindergarten, there was a subsample who did not demonstrate reading and phonological difficulties until the third and fourth grades.  相似文献   

PLANNING FOR A NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM IN A UNIVERSITY ENVIRONMENT: A CASE STUDY     

Scott M. Lanyon  Gordon Murdock  Don Luce 《Curator: The Museum Journal》2000,43(2):88-92

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A Consumer‐Driven Approach to Increase Suggestive Selling     

Don Rohn  John Austin  Alison Sanford 《Performance Improvement Quarterly》2003,16(1):29-39

Several research articles have been published demonstrating the effectiveness of behavioral interventions in improving suggestive selling behavior of sales staff (e.g., Johnson & Masotti, 1990; Martinko, White, & Hassell, 1989; Mirman, 1982; Ralis & O'Brien, 1986). Procedures employed in these studies made use of two classes of personnel to implement the intervention: (1) personnel internal to the organization or (2) external consultants. The current study examined the efficacy of a consumer‐driven approach to improve suggestive selling behavior of three employees of a fast food franchise. Customers delivered either a verbal prompt or praise to an employee after they had placed their order. Delivery of a prompt or praise depended on whether or not the employee made a suggestion for an additional food purchase. This consumer‐driven intervention increased suggestive selling behaviors of all three employees, and was associated with higher suggestive sales in each case.  相似文献   

From novice to expert: Implications for instructional design     

Don Stepich 《Performance Improvement》1991,30(6):13-17

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Helping Teachers to Use Museums     

Don G. Beardsley 《Curator: The Museum Journal》1975,18(3):192-199

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