Droits Linguistiques Et Droits A l'Education Dans Les Societes Plurilingues     

Z. Zachariev 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1978,24(3):263-272

Résumé L'auteur passe en revue plusieurs documents et instruments internationaux (Nations Unies, Unesco) pour examiner la place qu'ils accordent aux droits linguistiques et au rôle des langues dans l'éducation ou les activités culturelles. Il souligne le lien entre la démocratisation de l'éducation, le maintien de l'identité culturelle et l'emploi de la langue maternelle ainsi que certains facteurs qui assurent l'exercise des droits linguistiques et la réalisation de l'égalité de droit dans le domaine de l'éducation. L'auteur cherche à recenser les facteurs de la réussite d'une politique linguistique, ainsi que les principes fondamentaux qui devraient présider à son adoption, selon les documents ou instruments adoptés à l'échelle internationale. Ces principes insistent sur le rôle fondamental de la langue maternelle, sur la nécessité de considérer la planification linguistique en tant que partie intégrante de la planification sociale et économique d'un pays.

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The author surveys a number of documents and international institutions (United Nations, Unesco) to ascertain how they rate the importance of language rights and the role of languages in education and cultural activities. He emphasizes the close connection between the democratization of education, the maintaining of a cultural identity and the use of the mother tongue, and also certain factors which ensure the use of linguistic rights and the achievement of equal rights in the sphere of education. On the basis of information gained from documents and international institutions the author attempts to enumerate the factors which make for the success of a language policy as well as the fundamental principles which should govern its implementation. These principles include the fundamental importance of the mother tongue and the need to consider linguistic planning as an integral part of social and economic planning at the national level.

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Zusammenfassung Der Verfasser untersucht mehrere Schriften und bestimmte internationale Einrichtungen (UN, Unesco), um festzustellen, welche Bedeutung den sprachlichen Rechten und der Rolle der Sprachen im Bildungswesen und im kulturellen Leben beigemessen wird. Er unterstreicht die enge Beziehung zwischen der Demokratisierung des Bildungswesens, der Aufrechterhaltung einer eigenständigen Kultur und dem Gebrauch der Muttersprache; ausserdem betont er gewisse Faktoren, die die Ausübung sprachlicher Rechte und die Verwirklichung der Gleichberechtigung im Bereich der Bildung gewährleisten. Ausgehend von dem Material, das er in Dokumenten und bei internationalen Einrichtungen vorgefunden hat, untersucht der Verfasser im einzelnen die für eine erfolgreiche Sprachpolitik wichtigen Faktoren ebenso wie die bei der Durchführung einer solchen Politik vorrangigen Grundprinzipien. Betont werden in diesen Grundprinzipien die wesentliche Rolle der Muttersprache und die Notwendigkeit, die sprachliche Planung als wesentlichen Bestandteil der sozialen und ökonomischen Planung eines Staates anzusehen.

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‘It’s a hard line to walk’: black non-binary trans* collegians’ perspectives on passing,realness, and trans*-normativity     

Z Nicolazzo 《International journal of qualitative studies in education》2016,29(9):1173-1188

Being labeled as ‘abnormal, or deviant, or not being one of the rest of us’ has real effects for one’s life chances. Trans* people are one such group who have continually been codified as abnormal, abject, weird, deceptive, and social pariahs. The purpose of the following study was to explore how the concepts of passing, realness, and trans*-normativity influence the experiences of two black non-binary trans* collegians. Using queer and intersectional theoretical approaches to analysis, findings from this study highlight the various ways black non-binary trans* collegians view these concepts as both limiting and emancipatory.  相似文献   

The effect of manipulating maternal behavior during an interaction on three- and six-month-olds' affect and attention     

J L Gusella  D Muir  E Z Tronick 《Child development》1988,59(4):1111-1124

3 studies were designed to examine the "still-face" paradigm, in which mothers stared at their 3- or 6-month-olds for a brief, still-face period interposed between 2 periods of normal face-to-face interaction. 6-month-olds decreased smiling and gazing at their mothers and grimaced more during the still-face period relative to the other periods; no period effects occurred in a no-change control group (Studies 1 and 2). Similar results were obtained when mothers and their infants observed and interacted with each other over closed-circuit color television monitors (Study 3). Moreover, the same relative decline in the infants' visual attention and positive affect during the still-face period occurred to a change in mothers' facial display (a televised, prerecorded, still face vs. a televised, live, interacting face) regardless of the presence or absence of their interactive voices (sound on the infants' monitor turned on or off). 3-month-olds exhibited a significant still-face effect, but only when maternal touch was a part of the manipulation (Study 1 vs. 2); therefore, the televised procedure was not conducted. The still-face effect is a robust phenomenon, produced with either "live" or "televised" procedures, both of which offer promising techniques for examining models of socioemotional perception/understanding of infants.  相似文献   

Write Now! Using reflective writing beyond the humanities and social sciences     

Rachel E. Cannady  Kasia Z. Gallo 《Journal of Further & Higher Education》2016,40(2):188-206

Writing is an important teaching and learning tool that fosters active and critical thinking. There are multiple pressures for disciplines outside the humanities and social sciences to integrate writing in their courses. The shift from teaching solely discipline-specific skills to including writing in a meaningful way can be a daunting process. An instructor and education reference librarian at a public, four-year research university infused an urban planning course with reflective writing exercises. The collaboration proved effective in increasing students’ perceived writing abilities and active thinking via increased immediacy, frequency of writing and active learning.  相似文献   

Reciprocal Bilingualism as a Challenge and Opportunity: The Case of Cyprus     

Kamil Z. ?zerk 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》2001,35(3):253-265

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The social and psychological development of the deaf child: problems, their treatment and prevention   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

K Z Altshuler 《American annals of the deaf》1974,119(4):365-376

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One Common Future,Two Education Systems: The Case of Syrian Children of Istanbul     

Y. Yesim Ozer  Z. Ozde Atesok 《欧洲教育》2017,49(2-3):114-132

The unexpected and vast Syrian refugee crisis with an ever-growing number of young Syrians appears to be one of the greatest challenges for the Turkish education system. While low enrollment rates are alarming, the dual system that emerged in the urban settings creates a main challenge to a comprehensive and supportive education system and unfortunately does not offer a good starting point for the future inclusion of Syrian refugees in society. This article’s main argument is that a culture of togetherness and a common future can only be assured by a comprehensive education system that ensures equal opportunity, diversity, and plurality.  相似文献   

Differential development of 24-h retention capacities for two components of T-maze escape learning by infant mice     

Z. Michael Nagy  Marc R. Pagano  Denise Gable 《Learning & behavior》1976,4(1):25-29

At 9 or 11 days of age, separate groups of Swiss-Webster mice received 12, 24, or 40 training trials to the goal opposite their first-trial choice in a shock-escape T-maze task. All groups were retested to the same goal for 25 trials 24 h following training, while maturation controls without prior exposure were trained to the goal opposite their first choice. All groups demonstrated increased escape proficiency during original training on two separate escape components: reaching the choice point and making the correct turn at the choice point. During retention testing, all groups at both ages exhibited better escape performance in terms of reaching the choice point than their maturation controls. However, when escape was measured in terms of choice, none of the groups trained at 9 days of age differed significantly from maturation controls when retested at 10 days of age. In contrast, retention of correct choice point turn varied directly with number of original training trials for mice trained at 11 days of age.  相似文献   

Early intervention for reading disabilities: teaching the alphabet principle in a connectionist framework     

Berninger VW  Abbott RD  Zook D  Ogier S  Lemos-Britton Z  Brooksher R 《Journal of learning disabilities》1999,32(6):491-503

Forty-eight children referred by teachers at the end of first grade for difficulty in reading were randomly assigned to three treatments, all of which modeled connections between written and spoken words but did not teach phonics rules, for eight half-hour individual tutoring sessions. The children were taught 48 words of varying orders of spelling-sound predictability (Venezky, 1995) using a whole-word method, for making connections between a word's name and its constituent letters; a subword method, for making connections between each color-coded spelling unit and its corresponding phonemes; or a combined whole-word and subword method. Regardless of the method used, children improved reliably on standardized reading measures and the taught words, showing that they could make connections between written and spoken words at the whole word and subword levels, even when rules were not taught. By posttest, the subword method showed a reliable advantage on a standardized test of real word reading. Knowledge of sounds associated with both multiletter and single-letter spelling units predicted reading achievement. Order of spelling-sound predictability (easy, moderate, difficult) was correlated with standardized measures of reading at pretest and posttest, and the magnitude of the relationship increased as a result of the intervention. Individual differences in verbal intelligence, rapid automatized naming, and phonological and orthographic skills predicted response to the intervention. Instructional implications of the results are discussed.  相似文献   

Application of system dynamics for assessment of sustainable performance of construction projects   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

SHENL.Y.  吴宇哲  CHANE.H.W.  HAOJ.L. 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2005,6(4):339-349

INTRODUCTION Sustainable development is commonly definedas meeting the needs of the present without compro-mising the ability of future generations to meet theirown needs (WCED, 1987). All industries, includingthe construction industry should contribute to themission. Compared to other industries, constructionactivities are generally considered to have more im-pact on the environment, which provides the basicconditions for the sustainability and development oflife on the Earth. The…  相似文献