Severing the Links Between School Performance and Careers: the experience of China's urban schools, 1968‐1976     

Jonathan Unger 《比较教育学》1984,20(1):93-102

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Foreword     

Jonathan D. Fife 《ASHE Higher Education Report》1986,15(8):xiii-xiv

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The acquisition of basic quantitative reasoning skills during adolescence: Learning or development?     

Anton E. Lawson  Jonathan M. Bealer 《科学教学研究杂志》1984,21(4):417-423

Five items requiring use of proportional, probabilistic, and correlational reasoning were administered to students in grades 6, 8, 10, and 12. Proportions are taught in the school district in grades 7 and 8, probability in grade 10, and correlations are not taught. Based on the hypothesis that successful performance is due to classroom instruction, improvements on the proportions item were predicted between grades 6 and 10 and improvements on the probability items were predicted between grades 10 and 12. Actual gradewise improvements did not correspond well with predictions. Yet performance did correlate significantly with enrollment in classes such as chemistry, physics, and trigonometry. It is argued that successful qualitative reasoning arises as a consequence of the process of equilibration, and influences one's selection of course work. Specific instruction may initiate the equilibration process.  相似文献   

Foreword     

Jonathan D. Fife 《ASHE Higher Education Report》1978,7(8):iii-iv

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Over reported and misunderstood? A study of teachers’ reported enactment and knowledge of inquiry-based science teaching     

Daniel K. Capps  Jonathan T. Shemwell  Ashley M. Young 《International Journal of Science Education》2016,38(6):934-959

Science education reforms worldwide call on teachers to engage students in investigative approaches to instruction, like inquiry. Studies of teacher self-reported enactment indicate that inquiry is used frequently in the classroom, suggesting a high level of proficiency with inquiry that would be amenable to inquiry reform. However, it is unclear whether the high frequency of self-report is based on sound knowledge inquiry. In the absence of sound knowledge, high rates of self-reported enactment would be suspect. We conducted a study to measure teachers’ knowledge of inquiry as it related to the known, high frequency of reported enactment. We developed a multidimensional survey instrument using US reform documents and administered it to 149 K–12 teachers at a national science teachers’ conference. The majority of the teachers surveyed did not report inquiry enactment based on well-structured knowledge of inquiry. Interviews with participants showed how teachers could readily map non-inquiry activities onto inquiry statements taken directly from reform documents. From these results we argue that teachers often believed they were enacting inquiry, when likely they were not. We further reason that teachers may struggle to interpret and enact inquiry-related requirements of science education reform and will need support distinguishing inquiry from non-inquiry practices.  相似文献   

The role of analogies in promoting conceptual change in biology   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Grady J. Venville  David F. Treagust 《Instructional Science》1996,24(4):295-320

Four analogies which were used to teach biology topics by four different teachers were analysed from different theoretical perspectives to determine the key role they had to play in the process of conceptual change. A supermarket analogy for the classification of living things was described using the Posner et al. (1982) view of conceptual change as having the role of a sense maker. A car cooling system analogy for human temperature homeostasis was found to play the role of a memory aid and was best explained by considering Vosniadou's (1994) framework theory and mental models perspective of conceptual change. A fluid mosaic analogy for cell membranes was used by the teacher as a transformer and was best explained by Chi et al.'s (1994) ontological category perspective of conceptual change. Finally, a bucket and pump analogy used to teach the stucture and function of the heart was described as a motivator and was viewed through the motivational perspective of conceptual change of Pintrich et al. (1993). The paper concludes that learning in different situations can best be explained by different perspectives of conceptual change and that these perspectives have much to tell us about the normal shifts in conceptual understanding as well as radical conceptual change.  相似文献   

Enhancing law enforcement identification and investigation of child maltreatment   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Portwood SG  Grady MT  Dutton SE 《Child abuse & neglect》2000,24(2):195-207

OBJECTIVE: Data from two independent studies is presented, representing the investigators' ongoing work with faculty from a state criminal justice academy to analyze existing knowledge and skill levels among veteran law enforcement officers and recruits, as well as to enhance future training. METHOD: Through an anonymous questionnaire, the first of these studies examined officers' perceptions of maltreatment, including those factors that do and do not influence a determination of whether a particular act constitutes child maltreatment and assessments of whether particular acts constitute abuse or neglect. The second study also utilized an anonymous questionnaire to examine officers' knowledge of the developmental strengths and limitations of children relative to their ability to provide accurate information in suspected cases of child maltreatment. RESULTS: As hypothesized, several gaps both in law enforcement officers' knowledge of certain characteristics that can serve to denote a case of maltreatment and their knowledge of fundamental developmental issues and interview techniques that could assist them in the performance of their professional duties are identified. CONCLUSIONS: Suggestions for enhanced law enforcement training programs are presented and discussed.  相似文献   

Science Without Literacy: A ship without a sail?     

Jonathan Osborne 《Cambridge Journal of Education》2002,32(2):203-218

This article argues that reading, writing and argument are central to any conception of science as it is currently constituted. Moreover, it is through the texts of science, popular accounts or journalistic reported versions that the majority of the public interact with and consider the implications of the findings that science presents. However, the study of the language of science, science's epistemic base and the cultural norms and values that underpin its practice are currently considered only marginal to the teaching of science. Rather, the specialised laboratories provided for science teachers and the narrow conception of science embodied in the curriculum gives pre-eminence to science as an empirical activity in the naive belief that this is central to understanding the nature of science. The consequent failure to recognise the centrality of language, literacy and argument to science education leaves the majority ill equipped to become critical consumers of science. Change requires a concerted attempt to reconceptualise the priorities for science education through a mix of new curricula, new strategies and last, but not least, new modes of assessment.  相似文献   

Learning from wildlife-inspired awe     

Jonathan R. Hicks  William P. Stewart 《The Journal of environmental education》2020,51(1):44-54

Abstract

This study sought to explore the implications for individuals who experienced awe while in the presence of wildlife. A conceptual framework was adapted that integrated the theory of emotional learning with experiential learning theory. In-depth interviews brought into focus the resultant learning stemming from experiences of wildlife-inspired awe. Learning manifested through pro-environmental and prosocial behaviors in which participants’ career choices were affected as well as their advocacy for pro-environmental behaviors within their community of friends and family. In the process of chronicling participants’ stories, we developed a better understanding of the ways in which people make sense of and ultimately learn from experiences of wildlife-inspired awe.  相似文献   

Deregulation and the American Education Marketplace     

Dana N. Thompson Dorsey  Jonathan A. Plucker 《Peabody Journal of Education》2016,91(4):424-440

The deregulation movement has impacted the social, political, and economic landscape in the United States and continues to do so. In this article, we briefly summarize the general history of deregulation in this country and the meaning of deregulation within the specific context of education policy and reform. We focus on deregulation efforts designed to provide families and students with greater choice in where and how their K–12 schooling occurs, including magnet schools, charter schools, open-enrollment programs, and vouchers. We discuss different forms of deregulation in the K–12 education system, competition effects, and various issues related to deregulation, including potential future issues that may arise in a deregulated education marketplace. In our analysis, we conclude that education deregulation has the potential to serve some members of society, but at the detriment of others, and that a great deal of future work is needed to determine the effects—both anticipated and unintended—of deregulation in this context.  相似文献