Changes in the prevalence of child sexual abuse, its risk factors, and their associations as a function of age cohort in a Finnish population sample     

Laaksonen T  Sariola H  Johansson A  Jern P  Varjonen M  von der Pahlen B  Sandnabba NK  Santtila P 《Child abuse & neglect》2011,35(7):480-490

Objective

We examined (1) the prevalence of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) experiences as a function of cohort and gender, (2) the prevalence of factors associated with CSA as a function of cohort and whether the association of these factors with CSA remained the same irrespective of cohort, and (3) whether any cohort differences could be explainable by cohort differences in reporting bias.

Method

We used the responses of 4,561 men (M = 29, SD = 7 years) and 8,361 female (M = 29, SD = 7 years) Finnish participants who responded to the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form as well as questions regarding family structure.

Results

The prevalence of CSA experiences varied between 0.7-4.6% for men and 1.8-7.5% for women depending on the item. Younger cohorts reported less CSA as well as less of the risk factors (physical neglect and abuse, emotional neglect and abuse, parental substances abuse, not growing up with both biological parents) that were positively associated with the likelihood of CSA. The effects of these risk factors did not vary as a function of the cohort. Also, the declining trend was not explainable by social desirability being higher in the younger cohorts.

Conclusions

The results suggest that there is a real decline in the prevalence of CSA and it is associated with a simultaneous decline in factors associated with CSA.  相似文献   

Surgeons as medical school educators: an untapped resource     

Haubert LM  Way D  DePhilip R  Tam M  Bishop J  Jones K  Moffatt-Bruce SD 《Anatomical sciences education》2011,4(4):182-189

Despite extensive experience teaching residents, surgeons are an untapped resource for educating medical students. We hypothesized that by involving surgeons as teachers earlier in the medical school curriculum, medical students' interest in surgery will increase and their opinions of surgeons will improve. Five programs designed to involve surgeons as educators in the medical school curriculum were implemented. The first program, started in 2008, introduced surgical faculty into the first-year medical student anatomy dissection laboratories. Other programs initiated in 2008 included: Surgical Clinical Correlates in Anatomy, which involved faculty teaching through cadaver surgery; Clinical Pathologic Conferences in Anatomy, a surgeon-led conference based on clinical cases; and a women's faculty-student mentorship program. Table Rounds, a surgeon-led anatomy review that used clinical scenarios to quiz students was begun in 2009. All five programs were successfully integrated into the medical school curriculum. While student opinion of surgeons as educators improved, there were no significant changes in student interest in surgery as a career nor change in performance on written examinations over the Anatomy content covered by the surgeons. Surgical faculty and trainees can be integrated into the medical school curriculum. Involving surgeons as educators earlier in the medical school curriculum may have longer term effects than could be observed in this study. At a minimum, the experience improved student opinion of surgeons as educators.  相似文献   

Richard Spinello and Maria Bottis: Understanding the debate on the legal protection of moral intellectual property interests: review essay of A Defense of Intellectual Property Rights     

Kenneth Einar Himma 《Ethics and Information Technology》2011,13(3):283-288

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Identification and evaluation of technology trends in K-12 education from 2011 to 2021     

Dub&#;  Adam Kenneth  Wen  Run 《Education and Information Technologies》2022,27(2):1929-1958

Education and Information Technologies - Educational technologies have captured the attention of researchers, policy makers, and parents. Each year, considerable effort and money are invested into...  相似文献   

Blocking between landmarks during 2-D (touchscreen) and 3-D (ARENA) search tasks with pigeons     

Kenneth J. Leising  Jared Wong  Chad M. Ruprecht  Aaron P. Blaisdell 《Learning & behavior》2014,42(4):357-364

Many studies investigating cue competition have focused on the blocking effect. We investigated the blocking effect with pigeons using a landmark-based spatial search task in both a touchscreen preparation (Exp. 1a) and an automated remote environmental navigation apparatus (Exp. 1b). In Phase 1, two landmarks (LMs: A and Z) appeared on separate trials as colored circles among a row of eight (touchscreen) or six (ARENA) identical response units. Subjects were rewarded for pecking at a target response unit to the right of LM A and to the left of an extraneous LM, Z. During the blocking trials in Phase 2, LM X was presented in compound with a second LM (A) that had been previously trained. On control trials, LM Y was presented in compound with LM B and a target in the same manner as in the trials of AX, except that neither landmark had previously been trained with the target. All subjects were then tested with separate trials of A, X, B, and Y. Testing revealed poor spatial control by X relative to A and Y. We report the first evidence for a spatial-blocking effect in pigeons and additional support for associative effects (e.g., blocking) occurring under similar conditions (e.g., training sessions, spatial relationships, etc.) in 3-D and 2-D search tasks.  相似文献   

An economic evaluation of elementary education for dropouts in Indonesia     

Kenneth T. Cann 《Economics of Education Review》1982,2(1):67-89

The article presents the results of benefit-cost analysis for an experimental and prototype elementary education program in Indonesia which is designed to solve a serious dropout problem. The program will use nonformal and self-paced methods to return 10, 000 children to elementary school in order to complete grades four through six.Alternative benefit-cost ratios are calculated using differing assumptions regarding probable lifetime earnings-enhancement and alternative discount rates. The calculations consider only private benefits and opportunity costs in addition to the project budget; however, several of the problems and unresolved questions that arose in the process of making the evaluation in a less developed country are discussed.  相似文献   

The Practicum as an Occasion for Learning to Teach     

Kenneth Zeichner 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education》1986,14(2):11-27

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Book reviews     

Kenneth Tait  Patricia Partington  Elizabeth Leu 《Higher Education》1994,27(3):393-396

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Use of Standardized Tests in Teacher Evaluation for Career Ladder Systems     

Kenneth D. Peterson 《Educational Measurement》1987,6(1):19-22

In most current teacher evaluation systems, tests are typically used for all teachers or for none. Peterson describes how three Utah school districts employed tests, specifically National Teachers Examinations, as one line of optional evidence for use along with a selection of other evidence in the promotion of eligible teachers. The author indicates that the optional use of test scores both answers many objections to the testing of veteran teachers and allows the test results of teachers choosing to submit them to inform promotion decisions.  相似文献   

Perceptions of career education supporters concerning the current nature and status of the career education movement     

Kenneth B. Hoyt 《Journal of Career Development》1987,13(3):5-15

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