Evaluation of body composition with bioimpedence. A comparison between athletic and non-athletic children     

Domenico Meleleo  Nicola Bartolomeo  Liliana Cassano  Alessandro Nitti  Giovanna Susca  Giuseppina Mastrototaro 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(6):710-719

Purpose: Conventional Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) or Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Analysis (BIVA) can provide direct evaluations of body composition. The purpose of this study was to evaluate lean and fat mass (FM), and hydration of children involved in daily competitive sports. Methods: 190 non-athletic [8.2–10.5 years] and 29 competitive children [8.0–10.5 years] were enrolled. They were evaluated: at baseline (t0), 6 months (t1) and one year (t2). Anthropometric, BIA and BIVA, lean and FM, and hydration evaluations were performed. Results: Resistance (R/h) and reactance (Xc/h) were lower at t0 in competitive individuals when compared to controls. Xc/h (+3.28) significantly increases in competitive when compared to non-competitive individuals (+0.66, p for difference: 0.011), while phase angle (PA) was lower at t0 (5.72 vs. 6.17, p?<?.001) and after 6 months (p?=?.001). Total body water adjusted for height (TBW/h) significantly increased only in non-athletes (+0.50?±?0.13, p?<?.001) between t0 and t1. At t1, extracellular water (ECW) significantly decreased (p?=?.026) in the two groups: ?0.45?±?0.19% in non-competitive, ?1.63?±?0.49% in competitive subjects, while intracellular water (ICW) increased. At one-year follow-up (t2), there were no statistically significant differences in R/h, Xc/h and PA in competitive individuals when compared to baseline and t1. Furthermore, we observed at t2 that hours/week of training, age, male gender and body mass index can influence FFM/h and FM/h in both competitive and non-competitive subjects. In particular, a direct correlation was for hours/week and FFM/h, inverse for hours/week and FM/h. Conclusions: Body mass index does not allow evaluating differences in lean body mass and FM between athletes and non-athletes. BIA and BIVA can give more reliable details about body composition differences in competitive adolescents and non-competitive, outlining a progressive decline in ECW and increase in ICW without affecting TBW composition of athletes.  相似文献   

The sensitivity of the alternative maximal accumulated oxygen deficit method to discriminate training status     

Alessandro M. Zagatto  Fabio Y. Nakamura  Fabio Milioni  Willian E. Miyagi  Rodrigo A. B. de Poli  Johnny Padulo 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(24):2453-2460

The purpose of the study was to investigate the sensitivity of an alternative maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD_ALT) method to discriminate the “anaerobic” capacity while comparing: least trained (LT) participants (n = 12), moderately trained (MT) participants (n = 12), endurance trained (ET) participants (n = 16), and rugby (RG) players (n = 11). Participants underwent a graded exercise test on a treadmill and a supramaximal effort for assessing MAOD_ALT. MAOD_ALT was calculated as the sum of oxygen equivalents from the phosphagen and glycolytic metabolic pathways. MAOD_ALT was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in RG (64.4 ± 12.1 mL · kg^?1) than in ET (56.8 ± 5.4 mL · kg^?1; effect size [ES] = 0.77; +13.5%), MT (53.8 ± 5.3 mL · kg^?1; ES = 1.08; +19.8%), and LT (49.9 ± 4.5 mL · kg^?1; ES = 1.50; +36.4%). In addition, the magnitude-based inference analysis revealed that MAOD_ALT was likely (LT vs. MT), very likely (MT vs. RG, and ET vs. RG) and most likely (LT vs. ET, and LT vs. RG) different between all groups, except for MT and ET, which presented an unclear difference. In conclusion, MAOD_ALT was sensitive enough to distinguish the “anaerobic” capacity in individuals with different training status, especially for RG players compared with LT participants and MT participants.  相似文献   

Exercise interventions for older adults: A systematic review of meta-analyses     

Claudio Di Lorito  Annabelle Long  Adrian Byrne  Rowan H.Harwood  John R.F.Gladman  Stefan Schneider  Pip Logan  Alessandro Bosco  Veronika van der Wardt 《运动与健康科学(英文)》2021,10(1):29-47

Background:The evidence concerning which physical exercise characteristics are most effective for older adults is fragmented.We aimed to characterize the extent of this diversity and inconsistency and identify future directions for research by undertaking a systematic review of metaanalyses of exercise interventions in older adults.Methods:We searched the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews,PsycInfo,MEDLINE,Embase,CINAHL,AMED,SPORTDiscus,and Web of Science for articles that met the following criteria:(1)meta-analyses that synthesized measures of improvement(e.g.,effect sizes)on any outcome identified in studies of exercise interventions;(2)participants in the studies meta-analyzed were adults aged 65+or had a mean age of 70+;(3)meta-analyses that included studies of any type of exercise,including its duration,frequency,intensity,and mode of delivery;(4)interventions that included multiple components(e.g.,exercise and cognitive stimulation),with effect sizes that were computed separately for the exercise component;and(5)meta-analyses that were published in any year or language.The characteristics of the reviews,of the interventions,and of the parameters improved through exercise were reported through narrative synthesis.Identification of the interventions linked to the largest improvements was carried out by identifying the highest values for improvement recorded across the reviews.The study included 56 meta-analyses that were heterogeneous in relation to population,sample size,settings,outcomes,and intervention characteristics.Results:The largest effect sizes for improvement were found for resistance training,meditative movement interventions,and exercise-based active videogames.Conclusion:The review identified important gaps in research,including a lack of studies investigating the benefits of group interventions,the characteristics of professionals delivering the interventions associated with better outcomes,and the impact of motivational strategies and of significant others(e.g.,carers)on intervention delivery and outcomes.  相似文献   

Review of Ofcom policy investigation: “The future of children's television programming”     

Alessandro D'Arma  Jeanette Steemers 《Cultural Trends》2009,18(1):77-82

The review looks at the recent review of children's television broadcasting by the governmental regulator in the UK, Ofcom. It suggests that the research represents a valuable addition to the policy literature by filling the gap in previous research, particularly by providing an in-depth analysis of the economics of the sector. However, it questions the direct impact of the report on the subject matter if it is integrated (as proposed) into the more general review of Public Service Broadcasting.  相似文献   

The white colour in Etruscan polychromes on terracotta: Spectroscopic identification of kaolin     

Francesca Bordignon  Paolo Postorino  Alessandro Nucara  Paolo Dore  Giorgio Trojsi  Vincenzo Bellelli 《Journal of Cultural Heritage》2008,9(1):23

The present work reports on a spectroscopic study of white colour samples collected from Etruscan polychromes on terracotta from the Cerveteri area. In particular, both white-on-red potsherds of the Orientalising period and high-value polychromes of the Archaic period were considered. The white pigment, a fundamental element in this class of artworks, was not clearly identified in previous archaeological and analytical studies, although the use of kaolin was tentatively proposed. Therefore, samples from the Monte Sughereto kaolin quarry in the Cerveteri area were also studied. The results of detailed analyses carried out using micro-Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy first show that the quarry material is a high-purity kaolin containing quartz. Raman results strongly suggest that the same kind of kaolin was employed in the polychromes of the Archaic period. As to white-on red potsherds, infrared results have a key role in showing that the white pigment is a kaolin closely corresponding to the quarry material since a particular kaolin polytype (dickite) is dominant in both cases. The present work thus provides the first definitive identification of the white pigment used in Etruscan polychromes on terracotta from the Cerveteri area, and suggests that the source of kaolin might be the Monte Sughereto quarry.  相似文献   

Study and Conservation of the St. Nicola's Basilica Mosaics (Bari,Italy) by Photogrammetric Survey: Mapping of Polychrome Marbles,Decorative Patterns and Past Restorations     

Giovanna Fioretti  Pasquale Acquafredda  Silvia Calò  Mariagrazia Cinelli  Germano Germanò  Alessandro Laera 《文物保护研究》2020,65(3):160-171

ABSTRACT

This present work focuses on the mapping of marbles, decorative patterns and area of the mosaics of the St. Nicola’s Basilica in Bari (Italy) by their photogrammetric survey. The extraordinary importance of these mosaics is due to the stylistic uniqueness and the undisputed workmanship and to the employed materials for tesserae. These mosaics include the white and polychrome marbles, used in the Roman age and reused in medieval artistic production, and imitation stones used as substitutes during the past restorations. The digital survey was realised by the photogrammetric reconstruction of mosaics collecting a photo dataset, after the mosaics redrawing by an image processing software and finally implemented it with lithological identification marbles. It allowed to obtain a punctual mapping of materials, through which to identify original areas and restoration areas, decorative patterns, recurring geometries. The research carried out, supported by the photogrammetric reconstruction as established method for high resolution digital reproduction and mapping, not only ensures the conservation and improvement of the enjoyment of the mosaic floors of the St. Nicola’s Basilica, but allows to conduct studies on materials, decorative patterns and restoration areas directly on the digitized product.  相似文献   

Is the Secure Base Phenomenon Evident Here,There, and Anywhere? A Cross‐Cultural Study of Child Behavior and Experts’ Definitions     

German Posada  Ting Lu  Jill Trumbell  Garene Kaloustian  Marcel Trudel  Sandra J. Plata  Paola P. Peña  Jennifer Perez  Susana Tereno  Romain Dugravier  Gabrielle Coppola  Alessandro Constantini  Rosalinda Cassibba  Kiyomi Kondo‐Ikemura  Magaly Nóblega  Ines M. Haya  Claudia Pedraglio  Manuela Verissimo  Antonio J. Santos  Ligia Monteiro  Keng‐Ling Lay 《Child development》2013,84(6):1896-1905

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Teaching children how to include the inversion principle in their reasoning about quantitative relations     

Terezinha Nunes  Peter Bryant  Deborah Evans  Daniel Bell  Rossana Barros 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》2012,79(3):371-388

The basis of this intervention study is a distinction between numerical calculus and relational calculus. The former refers to numerical calculations and the latter to the analysis of the quantitative relations in mathematical problems. The inverse relation between addition and subtraction is relevant to both kinds of calculus, but so far research on improving children’s understanding and use of the principle of inversion through interventions has only been applied to the solving of a + b − b = ? sums. The main aim of the intervention described in this article was to study the effects of teaching children about the explicit use of inversion as part of the relational calculus needed to solve inverse addition and subtraction problems using a calculator. The study showed that children taught about relational calculus differed significantly from those who were taught numerical procedures, and also that effects of the intervention were stronger when children were taught about relational calculus with mixtures of indirect and direct word problems than when these two types of problem were given to them in separate blocks.  相似文献   

Examining expansion and trends in higher education in Mozambique,Africa     

Miguel  Lucas Lavo Ant&#;nio Jimo  Tambe  Telma Amorgiana Fulane  da Costa  Candida Soares 《Higher Education》2022,83(2):411-439

Higher Education - Concerns about expansion in higher education (HE) have increasingly become a focus of educational policymakers in sub-Saharan countries. However, critical analysis and discussion...  相似文献   

The transformation of doctoral education: a systematic literature review     

Cardoso  Sónia  Santos  Sandra  Diogo  Sara  Soares  Diana  Carvalho  Teresa 《Higher Education》2022,84(4):885-908

Higher Education - Framed by a wide range of factors, doctoral education has undergone a deep transformation, especially in the last two decades. The aim of this systematic literature review was to...  相似文献