‘Knowledge Workers’ as the New Apprentices: The Influence of Organisational Autonomy, Goals and Values on the Nurturing of Expertise     

Alison Fuller  Lorna Unwin 《Vocations and Learning》2010,3(3):203-222

This paper explores the concept of apprenticeship in the context of the professional formation of knowledge workers. It draws on evidence from research conducted in two knowledge intensive organizations: a research-intensive, elite university; and a ‘cutting edge’ software engineering company. In the former, we investigated the learning environments of contract researchers, whilst in the latter, we focused on the learning environments of software engineers. Both organisations have ‘global’ reach in that they operate within international marketplaces and see themselves as international players. The paper asks to what extent the important role of maturation with regard to the formation of expertise is being undermined by the pressurised nature of contemporary workplaces (in both the public and private sectors). It argues that conceiving the professional formation of knowledge workers as apprenticeship provides a way forward to improve the way employers construct and support that formation.  相似文献   

Cognitive constraints and the early learning goals in writing     

Lorna Bourke  Anne-Marie Adams 《Journal of Research in Reading》2010,33(1):94-110

This study examined the relative importance of a number of cognitive factors (i.e. working memory, vocabulary knowledge, general cognitive ability and reading skills) in accounting for differences in the rate of progress made by children in the development of emergent writing skills. Sixty-seven children were assessed on tasks measuring the visuospatial, phonological and central executive components of working memory. The children's written texts were analysed according to the assessment scale for writing from the Early Years Foundation Stage Profile. The results indicate that reading performance and visuospatial memory skills are crucial to determining whether or not children aged 4–5 years are able to meet the UK government's prescribed educational standards for writing. The importance of visual skills in the acquisition of orthographic knowledge and writing conventions gained through reading is discussed in relation to current instructional strategies within schools.  相似文献   

A Cross-Sectional Study of Engineering Students’ Self-Efficacy by Gender, Ethnicity, Year, and Transfer Status   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

James P. Concannon  Lloyd H. Barrow 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2009,18(2):163-172

This is a cross-sectional study of 519 undergraduate engineering majors’ self-efficacy beliefs at a large, research extensive, Midwestern university. Engineering self-efficacy is an individual’s belief in his or her ability to successfully negotiate the academic hurdles of the engineering program. Engineering self-efficacy was obtained from four variables: self-efficacy 1, self-efficacy 2, engineering career outcome expectations, and coping self-efficacy. The four variables were analyzed using a repeated analysis of variance among levels of gender, ethnicity, years students had been enrolled in their engineering program, and transfer status. No significant differences in mean engineering self-efficacy scores were found by gender, ethnicity, and transfer status. However, significant interactions between gender and the subscales, ethnicity and the subscales, and transfer status and the subscales were found. Significant differences in mean engineering self-efficacy scores were found among years students had been enrolled in the program.  相似文献   

'Personal Effectiveness' as a Cross-Curricular Goal: Catalysts, Barriers and Varying Perceptions     

Lorna Unwin  & Jerry Wellington 《Pastoral Care in Education》1997,15(2):4-15

The focus of this paper is a piece of research which sought to evaluate a pack of materials designed to support the introduction of core transferable skills into the subject-based curriculum. The writers contextualize their work with a brief historical review of the development of this area over the last two decades, highlighting both the ambiguity and the continuing confusion that have surrounded the idea of generic skills. Apart from giving general support to the aims which informed the programme's development, the outcome of the investigation identifies a significant difference in the way teachers and students conceptualize the curriculum.  相似文献   

Reviews     

Alan Chalmers  Lloyd Ackert  Pnina Abir-Am  Maria Trochatos  Carolyn R. Miller  Nicolas Rasmussen  Roy Macleod  Ingo Brigandt  Lorna Barrow  Ian Maclean  Elof Axel Carlson  Susan E. Cozzens  Cindy Klestinec  Patricia O'Grady  Alison Bashford  Jim Endersby  Jonathan Simon  David Mercer  David Oldroyd  Suzanne Verderber  Peter Slezak  Rachel Cooper  Patricia Fara  Ravi Arvind Palat  Peder Anker  Bernhard Fritscher  David Branagan 《Metascience》2002,11(3):329-429

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Private school location and neighborhood characteristics   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Lisa Barrow   《Economics of Education Review》2006,25(6):633-645

Using data from Illinois, I examine relationships between the number of private schools and characteristics of the public schools and surrounding population. I find positive, statistically significant relationships between number of private schools in 1998 and public school 3rd grade class size, the percent college educated, and the percent over 55 years of age. I find significant negative relationships between number of private schools and average household income and racial concentration.Looking at private school entry, areas with larger increases in the school-aged population had less entry, and areas with increasing income dispersion experienced greater entry. The results suggest that if a universal education voucher program is introduced, parents in relatively well-educated, racially diverse, and more moderate income areas will likely have greater access to private school options because of more existing private schools in their area. These areas will also likely have more private school entry in response.  相似文献