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While many scholars have studied the impact mergersand acquisitions have had on market concentrationlevels in various industries, few have addressed theconsumer book market, an important U.S. culturalindustry. This paper: (1) defines the consumer bookmarket; and (2) using consumer book mergers, salesdata, the U.S. Department of Justice's 1992 mergerguidelines, the Herfindahl–Hirschman Index, andfour-firm and eight-firm concentration ratios testswhether an illegal level of market concentration or aviolation of Justice's antitrust guidelines wereevident in 1995 and 1996. Data on market entrybarriers, outputs, and prices are also analyzed.  相似文献   
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In this paper, we describe how the shortage of teachers accelerates the development of Dutch teacher education in a more competence- and school-based direction. We address three themes. First, we note that Dutch teacher education institutes are taking initiatives to develop competence-based curricula and assessment. However, until now these developments have had a weak foundation. Secondly, it is clear that schools are developing and carrying out teacher improvement plans, but that student teachers are seldom part of these plans. Thirdly, the teacher educators in schools cannot meet the professional standards yet. Teacher educators in teacher education institutes also need time and support to adapt to new circumstances. However, there are promising developments in the right direction. Notre paper analyse les conséquences de la pénurie d'enseignants sur la formation des professeurs aux Pays-Bas. Cette formation est de plus en plus tournée vers l'école et s'oriente davantage dans une direction qui privilégie la compétence. Dans une première partie, nous constatons qu'aux Pays-Bas les instituts de formation des enseignants prennent des initiatives pour développer des programmes et des contrôles basés sur les compétences. Pour l'instant cependant, les fondements de cette évolution restent encore assez fragiles. Deuxièmement, on se rend compte que les écoles développent et mettent en place des projets d'amélioration de la profession d'enseignant, mais ceux qui forment les étudiants collaborent rarement à ces projets. Troisièmement, les formateurs d'enseignants dans les écoles ne peuvent pas encore satisfaire au niveau professionnel que l'on veut atteindre. Les formateurs des enseignants dans les instituts de formation pour enseignants ont aussi besoin de temps et de soutien pour s'adapter àla nouvelle situation. Pourtant, il y a des progrès et l'on va dans la bonne direction. En este artículo describimos cómo la escasez de profesores está acelerando en Holanda un proceso en el que la formación de profesores se basa cada vez más en las competencias y en el que hay una mayor participación de las escuelas. Abordamos tres temas. En primer lugar, constatamos que los centros de formación de profesores en Holanda están tomando iniciativas para elaborar evaluaciones y currículos basados en las competencias. Sin embargo, hasta ahora estas iniciativas no han tenido una base sólida. En segundo lugar, está claro que las escuelas, por su parte, están elaborando y ejecutando planes para mejorar el nivel de los profesores, pero que los profesores en formación rara vez forman parte de esos planes. En tercer lugar, los formadores de profesores en las escuelas no pueden cumplir aún las normas profesionales y los formadores de profesores en los centros de formación también necesitan tiempo y apoyo para adaptarse a las nuevas circunstancias. Sin embargo, existen signos prometedores de mejoramiento de estos aspectos. In diesem Artikel beschreiben wir, dass der Lehrermangel die Entwicklung einer Ausbildung von niederländischen Lehrern in eine mehr kompetenz- und schulbezogene Richtung beschleunigt. Wir beschäftigen uns mit drei Themen: Erstens sehen wir, dass die Lehrerausbildungsinstitute der Niederlande Initiativen zur Entwicklung von kompetenzbezogenen Curricula und zur Erfolgsbewertung ergreifen. Bis jetzt haben diese Entwicklungen allerdings ein schwaches Fundament. Zweitens ist klar, dass Schulen Professionalisierungspläne entwickeln und ausführen. Die Praktikanten sind jedoch selten in diese Pläne einbezogen. Drittens können die Lehrerausbilder in Schulen den akademischen Normen noch nicht Genüge leisten. Lehrerausbilder in Lehrerausbildungsinstitute brauchen auch Zeit und Unterstützung, um sich neuen Verhältnissen anzupassen. Es gibt jedoch vielversprechende Entwicklungen in die richtige Richtung.  相似文献   
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This study reports an intervention to initiate environmental learning and facilitate pro-environmental behaviour. The purpose was to examine the impact of ambient learning displays on energy consumption and conservation at the workplace, more specifically the evaluation of learning outcome and behaviour change. Using a quasi-experimental design, the empirical study was conducted among employees working at a university campus. For the experimental treatments, ambient learning display prototypes were varied on two design dimensions, namely representational fidelity and notification level. The results do not provide clear evidence that the design of the displays influences learning outcome or that the displays lead to pro-environmental behaviour change. Nevertheless, the sole deployment of the display prototypes eased the comprehension of the information provided and lowered the need for additional information. Thus, ambient learning displays provide a promising framework in the context of environmental learning and beyond.  相似文献   
97.
In search of key-performance predictors in sailing, we examined to what degree visual search, movement behaviour and boat control contribute to skilled performance while rounding the windward mark. To this end, we analysed 62 windward mark roundings sailed without opponents and 40 windward mark roundings sailed with opponents while competing in small regattas. Across conditions, results revealed that better performances were related to gazing more to the tangent point during the actual rounding. More specifically, in the condition without opponents, skilled performance was associated with gazing more outside the dinghy during the actual rounding, while in the condition with opponents, superior performance was related to gazing less outside the dinghy. With respect to movement behaviour, superior performance was associated with the release of the trimming lines close to rounding the mark. In addition, better performances were related to approaching the mark with little heel, yet heeling the boat more to the windward side when being close to the mark. Potential implications for practice are suggested for each phase of the windward mark rounding.  相似文献   
98.
This paper describes experiments carried out to determine the influence of dovetailed cross beams on the dimensional stability of a panel painting from the Middle Ages. Besides a serious cup (transverse distortion), the panel featured an unusual longitudinal distortion, a bow, mostly originating from bending in the proximity of the middle cross beam. Because of its localized occurrence, bending appeared to be caused by the crossbeam somehow pushing on the walls of its channel. Thanks to the cooperation offered by the curator and the restorer, some non-damaging tests were performed to measure the distortions of the panel, with and without the cross beams, after conditioning it in different climates. Processing and analysis of the measurement results demonstrated that the bow of the panel increases as the wood moisture content decreases. This led to the conclusion that the bow is actually produced by forces exerted by the cross beam along the panel's length, according to a mechanism named thrust transformation. By this mechanism the cross beam partly transforms the panel's tendency towards cupping, into a bow distortion.  相似文献   
99.
Aaron the Moor from Titus Andronicus and Ratonhnhaké:ton from Assassin’s Creed III are each aiding in a war against an international superpower, and both characters are plotting ways to advance and improve their respective culture. Aaron is seen as the villain and the antagonist, whereas Ratonhnhaké:ton is seen as an individual who fights for freedom. However, once both characters’ usefulness is exhausted, they are easily characterized as the Other and lose whatever benefits they may have earned. They are tossed aside by the factions they are trying to help. Even though Assassin’s Creed III is a video game, the same issues of colonialism and imperialism can be investigated in this 21st-century genre as in Shakespeare’s play.  相似文献   
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