Transport and deposition of airborne pollutants in exhibition areas located in historical buildings–study in Wawel Castle Museum in Cracow,Poland     

Anna Worobiec  Lucyna Samek  Agnieszka Krata  Katleen Van Meel  Barbara Krupinska  Elżbieta Anna Stefaniak  Paweł Karaszkiewicz  René Van Grieken 《Journal of Cultural Heritage》2010,11(3):354-359

Historical buildings and castles that have been turned nowadays into museums, as an exhibition area for precious cultural heritage (CH) items, need more attention since they are CH objects by themselves. Moreover, the preservation techniques require often, significant interventions; however such changes are not always possible or are very limited. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of outdoor air pollution on the composition of particulate matter and gases inside the museum of Wawel Castle in Cracow, Poland. During this study a combination of micro and trace analysis techniques were applied, including energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). An intensive transport of air pollutants coupled with accumulation of the particles inside the museum was noticed (considerably higher in winter than summer). A high content of carbon and organic matter agglomerated with inorganic particles was determined. Those particles are of special concern because of their adhesive properties and reactivity. It was also noted that the conditions inside the museum favour the reaction of the particles with gaseous pollutants. It was especially the case for nitrate particles.  相似文献   

Effectiveness of antigraffiti treatments in connection with penetration depth determined by different techniques     

Paula María Carmona-Quiroga  Sagrario Martínez-Ramírez  Santiago Sánchez-Cortés  Mohamed Oujja  Marta Castillejo  María Teresa Blanco-Varela 《Journal of Cultural Heritage》2010,11(3):297-303

The elimination of spray paint using traditional (chemical and mechanical) methods inevitably entails altering surface characteristics. Hence, the impact and deterioration caused by graffiti in heritage buildings and monuments have led to the development and application of preventive systems in the form of antigraffiti coatings (which prevent paint from seeping into the pores of the surface material and facilitate cleaning). The effectiveness of two of these treatments, a commercial product (fluoroalkyl siloxane, protectosil, marketed by Degussa) and a hybrid organic-inorganic material (Ormosil), was evaluated in five construction materials (limestone, granite, cement mortar, lime mortar and brick), in terms of their penetration into the substrate. A number of techniques were used to determine the penetration depth (SEM/EDX, micro-Raman and LIBS), because a comparative analysis showed that none was universally valid for all types of treatments. The results show that the presence of the coating on the surface of less porous materials only ensures effective cleaning when the surface is fairly smooth. In granite, for instance, the CF₃ terminals in the fluorinated treatment hinder spray paint bonding more effectively than Ormosil, but not efficiently enough to ensure complete removal of the paint from granite surfaces.  相似文献   

Higher education strategy in digital transformation     

Mohamed Hashim  Mohamed Ashmel  Tlemsani  Issam  Matthews  Robin 《Education and Information Technologies》2022,27(3):3171-3195

Education and Information Technologies - Digital transformation in the global higher education industry determines the future roadmap to a sustainable education management strategy. This research...  相似文献