Negotiation on the assessment of research articles with academic reviewers: application of peer-review approach of teaching     

Prashant Kumar  Imran Rafiq  Boulent Imam 《Higher Education》2011,62(3):315-332

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Dynamic and spatial representation of web movements and navigational patterns through the use of navigational paths as data     

Kumar Laxman 《Instructional Science》2011,39(6):881-900

Solving real-world problems is an effective learning activity that promotes meaningful learning in formal educational settings. Problems can be classified as being either well structured or ill structured. Internet information search approaches have an influential role to play in the successful performance of problem solving. A better understanding of how students differentially model information search strategies and movements in tackling well- and ill-structured problems is essential for creating engaging problem-solving environments for students. Static measures, such as the number of accessed nodes or links, or the number of times particular web browser function buttons are clicked, are limited in their ability to analyze attributes of information search patterns. A more dynamic and spatial representation of web movements and navigational patterns can be realized through the use of navigational paths as data. The two path-specific structural metrics that can be used to assess network-based navigational paths in relation to the structuredness of the problem-solving task are compactness and stratum. These metrics are, respectively, the indicators of the connectedness and linearity of network-based structures defining students’ online navigational visitations during the problem-solving sessions. This study explored the relevance and utility of these two metrics in analyzing the navigational movements of learners in seeking out electronic information to accomplish successful problem solving. The outcome findings of this study show that well- and ill-structured problems demand different cognitive and information seeking navigational approaches. The differing values of the two path metrics in analyzing the search movements organized by students in attending to well- and ill-structured problems were a direct result of the contrasting patterns of navigational path movements. The search patterns associated with well-structured problem solving tended to be more linear and less connected, whereas those related to ill-structured problem solving were more distributed and inter-connected.  相似文献   

The 2010 chemistry nobel prize: Pd(0)-catalyzed organic synthesis     

Gopalpur Nagendrappa  Y. C. Sunil Kumar 《Resonance》2011,16(2):152-164

The 2010 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to three scientists, R F Heck, E-I Negishi and A Suzuki, for their work on “Palladium — Catalyzed Cross Couplings in Organic Synthesis”. It pertains to research done over a period of four decades. The synthetic procedures embodied in their work enable construction of C-C bond selectively between complex molecules as in simple ones at desired positions without disturbing any functional groups at other parts of the reacting molecules. The work finds wide applications in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, and molecules for electronics and other applications. It would not have been possible to synthesize some of the complex natural products or synthetic compounds without using these coupling reactions in one ormore steps.  相似文献   

Free Radical Scavenging Properties of Skin and Pulp Extracts of Different Grape Cultivars In Vitro and Attenuation of H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress in Liver Tissue Ex Vivo     

Indrani Singha  Subir Kumar Das 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2015,30(3):305-312

Grapes are the richest source of antioxidants due to the presence of potent bioactive phytochemicals. In this study, the phytochemical contents, scavenging activities and protective role against H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress in liver tissue ex vivo of four grape (Vitis vinifera) cultivars extracts, namely Flame seedless (black), Kishmish chorni (black with reddish brown), Red globe (red) and Thompson seedless mutant (green), were evaluated. The total phenolics and flavonoids content in pulp or skin fractions of different grape cultivars were in the range of 47.6–310 mg gallic acid equivalent/g fresh weight (fw), and 46.6–733.3 µg catechin equivalent/g fw respectively. The scavenging activities in skin of different grape varieties against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (44–58 %), hydrogen peroxide (15.3–18.6 %), and hydroxyl radicals (50–85 %), were higher than pulp of the corresponding cultivars. These scavenging activities of grape extracts were found to be significantly (p < 0.01) correlated with the levels of total phenols, flavonoids and ascorbic acid. Liver tissues from goat treated with H₂O₂ (500 μM) showed significantly decreased GSH content by 42.9 % and activities of catalase by 50 % and glutathione reductase by 66.6 %; while increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and nitric oxide level by 2.53- and 0.86-fold, respectively, and activity of glutathione S-transferase by 0.96-fold. Grape skin extracts showed the stronger protective activity against H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress in liver tissue ex vivo, than its pulp of any cultivar; and the Flame seedless (black) cultivar showed the highest potential. In conclusion, our study suggested that the higher antioxidant potential, phytochemical contents and significant scavenging capacities in pulp and skin of grape extracts showed the protective action of grape extracts against H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress in liver tissue ex vivo.  相似文献   

Interplay Between Inflammation and Hemostasis in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease     

Medha Rajappa  Binita Goswami  A. Balasubramanian  Baidarbhi Chakraborty  S. Kumar 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2015,30(3):281-285

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a global epidemic currently. This study was planned to evaluate markers of inflammation and hemostasis and their possible association, if any, in patients with CAD. The study was carried out in 60 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and 60 age and gender matched controls. The following parameters were assayed in all study subjects-inflammatory-interleukin (IL)-10, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, fibrinogen; hemostatic-fibrinogen, fibrin D-dimer and a novel risk factor—homocysteine. Inflammatory markers (hs-CRP, TNF-α and IL-10), fibrinogen, fibrin D-dimer and homocysteine levels were significantly higher in the patients with AMI, as compared with controls. A positive correlation was observed between D-dimer and the inflammatory markers—hs-CRP and TNF-α. Upon multivariate analysis, TNF-α emerged as the best determinant of CAD in our study. Our results indicate that there is a possible interplay of inflammation and hemostasis in CAD, underlining their synergistic role in the pathogenesis of CAD.  相似文献   

Association of Resistin with Insulin Resistance and Factors of Metabolic Syndrome in North Indians     

Arun Kumar Singh  Sunita Tiwari  Abhishek Gupta  Kamla Kant Shukla  Kumar Gaurav Chhabra  Achileshwar Pandey  Aditya Bhushan Pant 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2015,30(3):255-262

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of interrelated common clinical disorders. The role of resistin in insulin sensitivity and MetS is controversial till date. So, the aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship of plasma resistin levels with markers of the MetS in Indian subjects. In a case control study, total 528 subjects were selected for the study. 265 (194 male and 71 female) were cases (with MetS) and 263 (164 male and 99 female) were controls (without MetS). Required anthropometric measurements and calculations were carried out accordingly. All the Biochemical estimations were carried out according to standard protocol. Resistin level was measured by the standard protocol (By ELISA i.e. enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) as illustrated in the kit. Insulin level was also measured by the standard protocol as illustrated in the kit and insulin resistance was calculated by the standard procedures. Plasma resistin levels were significantly higher in cases compared with controls (male = 13.05 ± 4.31 vs. 7.04 ± 2.09 ng/ml; p ≤ 0.001 and female = 13.53 ± 4.14 vs. 7.42 ± 2.30 ng/ml; p ≤ 0.001). Plasma resistin levels were well correlated with waist circumference, glucose, triglycerides, waist/hip ratio, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, high density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, serum low density lipoprotein, serum very low density lipoprotein, insulin and insulin resistance. Plasma resistin levels were elevated in presence of the MetS and were associated with increased metabolic risk factors.  相似文献   

Genetic Predisposition to Diabetic Nephropathy: Evidence for a Role of ACE (I/D) Gene Polymorphism in Type 2 Diabetic Population from Kutch Region     

Deepak N. Parchwani  Kamlesh M. Palandurkar  D. Hema Chandan Kumar  Darshan J. Patel 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2015,30(1):43-54

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High-throughput sorting of drops in microfluidic chips using electric capacitance     

Arjen M. Pit  Ri?lle de Ruiter  Anand Kumar  Daniel Wijnperlé  Michèl H. G. Duits  Frieder Mugele 《Biomicrofluidics》2015,9(4)

We analyze a recently introduced approach for the sorting of aqueous drops with biological content immersed in oil, using a microfluidic chip that combines the functionality of electrowetting with the high throughput of two-phase flow microfluidics. In this electrostatic sorter, three co-planar electrodes covered by a thin dielectric layer are placed directly below the fluidic channel. Switching the potential of the central electrode creates an electrical guide that leads the drop to the desired outlet. The generated force, which deflects the drop, can be tuned via the voltage. The working principle is based on a contrast in conductivity between the drop and the continuous phase, which ensures successful operation even for drops of highly conductive biological media like phosphate buffered saline. Moreover, since the electric field does not penetrate the drop, its content is protected from electrical currents and Joule heating. A simple capacitive model allows quantitative prediction of the electrostatic forces exerted on drops. The maximum achievable sorting rate is determined by a competition between electrostatic and hydrodynamic forces. Sorting speeds up to 1200 per second are demonstrated for conductive drops of 160 pl in low viscosity oil.  相似文献   

The new edge in knowledge: how knowledge management is changing the way we do business     

Sameer Kumar 《知识管理研究与实践》2012,10(1):99-101

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The social culture of work: work, employment and unemployment as ways of life     

Krishan Kumar 《Higher Education Quarterly》1979,34(1):5-28

All labour is directed towards producing some effect. For though some exertions are taken merely for their own sake, as when a game is played for amusement, they are not counted as labour. We may define labour as any exertion of mind or body undergone partly or wholly with a view to some good other than the pleasure derived directly from the work.  相似文献