New results in microwave background anisotropy from WMAP     

Biman Nath 《Resonance》2003,8(4):77-79

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The crisis of science     

Satyendra Nath Bose 《Resonance》1996,1(2):92-101

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Equity Gains in Bangladesh Primary Education     

Chowdhury  A. Mushtaque R.  Nath  Samir R.  Choudhury  Rasheda K. 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》2003,49(6):601-619

Although equity is a desirable objective of any form of development intervention, including education, not many studies dwell upon this important area. Information on related trends is even more rare. This essay uses field-level data from Bangladesh to examine equity levels and trends in primary education, including enrolment and quality of learning, focusing on equity for different gender, urban or rural, economic and ethnic groups. The study shows that while some disparity between girls and boys has been eliminated, girls are still far behind boys in terms of learning achievement. Children belonging to poorer families and ethnic minority groups lag behind the respective dominant groups in terms of both enrolment and learning achievement. At the same time, there have been some improvements for hitherto excluded groups such as rural girls and children of the poor. These changes are attributed mainly to 'positive discriminatory' steps taken by the government and non-governmental organizations in favour of such groups. If this trend continues, Bangladesh can look forward to establishing itself as a more equitable society than it is now.  相似文献   

Raising Basic Education Levels in Rural Bangladesh: The Impact of a Non-formal Education Programme     

Samir R. Nath  Kathy Sylva  Janice Grimes 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1999,45(1):5-26

Based on the concept of "basic education" from the Declaration of the World Conference on Education for All (WCEFA, Jomtien 1990), this paper explores the impact of the non-formal education programme (NFPE) of the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC) in the achievement of basic education for rural Bangladeshi children. Using an instrument developed previously in Bangladesh, three groups with different educational experiences were assessed: (1) children who attended BRAC's NFPE; (2) those attending formal school; (3) children who had never attended school. A total of 720 randomly selected children, who live in five rural areas of Bangladesh were assessed in this study. Of the four components of basic education, BRAC children did significantly better in life skills and writing than their peers in formal schools. Equal performance was observed in reading and numeracy. Although the children who had never attended school in general did poorly, some had developed life skills knowledge and more than half had acquired numeracy skills. This study concludes that BRAC's education programme has a positive impact on basic education in rural Bangladesh.  相似文献   

Level and Trend of Basic Education of Children in Bangladesh: 1993-1998     

Samir R. Nath  A. Mushtaque R. Chowdhury 《Educational studies》2002,28(1):77-92

Using data generated through two nationally representative sample surveys, this paper explores the trends in the level of basic education of Bangladeshi children. The instrument used for the purpose was based on the Declaration of the World Conference on Education for All (WCEFA, Jomtien, 1990). The findings reveal that the level of 'basic education' increased very slowly, 26.7% in 1993 to 29.6% in 1998, less than one percentage point per year. Statistically significant improvement was observed in 'life skills knowledge' and 'writing skills', but not in 'reading' or 'numeracy'. Girls progressed in 'reading', 'writing' and 'life skills', while the boys in 'writing' and 'life skills'. Over the period, the level improved for rural children but decreased for urban children. Bangladesh falls much behind the targets of the Jomtien Conference in 1990; it will have to wait until 2093 AD to reach the WCEFA goal. The country has made good progress in increasing the access to primary education, but a massive drive is necessary to improve the quality of education.  相似文献   

Effect of latent iron deficiency on GABA and glutamate neuroreceptors in rat brain     

Rama Devi Mittal  Amita Pandey  Balraj Mittal  Kailash Nath Agarwal 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2003,18(1):111-116

Eight weeks of latent iron deficiency in weaned female rats of Sprague Dawley strain maintained on experimental low-iron diet (18–20 mg/kg) did not significantly change the gross body, weight and tissue weights of brain and liver. Packed cell volume (PCV) and hemoglobin concentration remained unaltered. However, non-heme iron content in liver and brain decreased significantly (p<0.001). The activities of glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamic acid decarboxylase, and GABA-transaminase (GABA-T) in brain decreased by 15%, 11.4% and 25.7% respectively. However, this decrease was not statistically significant. Binding of³H Muscimol at pH 7.5 and 1 mg protein/assay increased by 143% (p<0.001) in synaptic vesicular membranes from iron-deficient rats as compared to the controls.³H glutamate binding to the synaptic vesicles was also carried out under similar condition. However, the L-glutamate binding was reduced by 63% in the vesicular membranes of iron deficient animals. These studies indicate that iron plays important functional role in both excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors.  相似文献   

The influence of a peer-tutoring training model for implementing cooperative groupings with elementary students     

Leslie R. Nath  Steven M. Ross 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2001,49(2):41-56

This study examined the effects of peer-tutoring training on elementary school student communication and collaboration skills when used in conjunction with cooperative learning. Within six classes (grades 2–6) in an inner-city school, cooperative learning pairs were randomly assigned to two groups (control and training). Multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) of quantitative data from a systematic observation instrument used over an entire year showed that, in general, the training group surpassed the control group in both communication and collaborative skills. Students in grades 2–3 showed substantially more improvement than students in grades 4–6; also, students with average or below-average reading levels required more time to acquire these skills than did above-average students. The qualitative data further substantiated these findings while revealing a large variation among teachers in implementing cooperative learning. and is Editor of the Research section of this journal.  相似文献   

Effect of latent iron deficiency on gaba and glutamate neuroreceptors in rat brain     

Rama Devi Mittal  Amita Pandey  Balraj Mittal  Kailash Nath Agarwal 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2002,17(2):1-6

Eight weeks of latent iron deficiency in weaned female rats of Sprague Dawley strain maintained on experimental low-iron diet (18–20 mg/Kg) did not significantly change the gross body weight and tissue weights of brain and liver. Packed cell volume (PCV) and hemoglobin concentration remained unaltered. However, non-heme iron content in liver and brain decreased significantly (P<0.001). The activities of glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamic acid decarboxylase, and GABA-transaminase (GABA-T) in brain decreased by 15%, 11.4% and 25.7% respectively. However, this decrease was not statistically significant. Binding of³H Muscimol at pH 7.5 and 1 mg protein/assay increased by 143% (P<0.001) in synaptic vesicular membranes from iron-deficient rats as compared to the controls.³H glutamate binding to the synaptic vesicles was also carried out under similar condition. However, the L-glutamate binding was reduced by 63% in the vesicular membranes of iron deficient animals. These studies in dicate that iron plays an important functional role in both excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors.  相似文献   

Effect of nicorandil and amlodipine on bio-chemical parameters during isoproterenol induced myocardial necrosis in rats     

Narinder Singh  Rahat Kumar 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2003,18(1):99-102

Objective  To investigate the protective effect of nicorandil and amlodipine in isoproterenol induced myocardial necrosis in rats. Methods  The effect of nicorandil and amlodipine on bio-chemical parameters during isoproterenol induced myocardial necrosis in rats was examined by determining the activity of creatine phosphokinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and transaminases (AST, ALT) in the serum of the animals. Results  Isoproterenol (150mg/kg/day) administered rats showed statistically significant rise in activities of LDH(1.02±0.19 to 1.85±0.05), CK(4.3±0.19 to 7.37±.27), AST(0.38±.03 to 0.78±.05) and ALT(0.19±.017 to 0.346±.027) in the serum. Pre-co-treatment of rats with nicorandil and amlodipine significantly lowered the raised levels of these enzymes and thereby restoring the enzyme activity to near normal as was clear from the chart i.e. LDH was 1.10±0.04, CK was 4.37±0.19, AST and ALT were 0.39±0.028 and 0.199±0.04 respectively. Conclusion  It is demonstrated that pre-co-treatment with nicorandil and amlodipine either alone or in combination help in providing protective effect on isoproterenol induced myocardial necrosis.  相似文献   

Dobzhansky and evolutionary cytogenetics     

Bimalendu B. Nath 《Resonance》2000,5(10):61-65

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