HUMANISM AND CONTEMPORARY UNIVERSITY     

Paolo Orefice 《Higher Education in Europe》1982,7(3-4):9-14

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An interpretative model from the elasticity theory to explore knowledge integration in new product development     

Angelo?Corallo  Mariangela?Lazoi  Giustina?SecundoEmail author  Paolo?DePaolis 《知识管理研究与实践》2016,14(4):478-488

This paper presents a conceptual model to explore the knowledge integration (KI) practices of internal and external company actors involved in the New Product Development (NPD) process of the aerospace industry. The model is based on the linkage of elasticity principles, particularly Hooke’s Law, to Knowledge Management theory. KI practices are considered as a force pushing the NPD process and are metaphorically described as the spring addressed by Hooke’s law. The integration of the knowledge of internal and external company actors impacts NPD, reducing the dimensions of the whole process, in terms of phases, through the application of the concurrent engineering approach. The whole NPD process is improved in terms of the reduction of uncertainty and complexity, and with an ‘integrated energy’ that sustains the pressure of the fast-changing competitive environment. The model is explored to provide an interpretation of the conceptualisation phase of a new aerospace product development process. Qualitative data were collected and analysed. Insights regarding the applications of the model and the theoretical implications are also provided for applications in other industries.  相似文献   

Network time for the European Higher Education Area     

Rosaria Lumino  Paolo Landri 《Educational Philosophy and Theory》2020,52(6):653-663

Abstract

In this article, we discuss the process of standardization of Higher education (HE) initiated by the Bologna Process bringing to the forefront the temporal politics of the standardization of European Higher Education Arena (EHEA). Empirically, we perform a comparative review of the Scorecards indicators at the base of the Bologna Process monitoring project. We argue that the fabrication of EHEA could be seen as the installation of new time-space ‘time’ and ‘space’ appear inevitably intertwined. Instead of being a simple addition, the time space of EHEA interferes with the multiple time spaces of educational institutions and is characterized by being a network time, an unbroken and fragmented temporality sustained, enacted through, and controlled by the fluidity and the malleability of standards. They change recurrently over time, playing with different rhythms. What emerges is an overall arrhythmia that maintains the field permanently in tension. This reconfigures temporality as intrinsically manifold: as multiple and heterogeneous. Moreover, the temporal politics of standards reconfigures perception of past, present and especially future. The current state of implementation is constantly being (re)shaped in relation to the present and future performances, where’s one today level of EHEA targets achievement forms the basis for improvement tomorrow. In this scenario, assessing standards and headline targets become a policy instrument for synchronizing the countries performances, by locating them in a temporal framework that encodes future-oriented dispositions.  相似文献   

Does Graduating from a Private University Make a Difference? Evidence from Italy     

Moris Triventi  Paolo Trivellato 《European Journal of Education》2012,47(2):260-276

The main aim of this article is to explore similarities and differences in the institutional features of private and state universities in the Italian higher education system and to assess whether graduating from a private university conveys advantages in the labour market. In the first part we use administrative data to describe the main institutional features of the two types of university, looking at organisational aspects, enrolments and graduates, financial resources, tuition fees, and teachers' characteristics. In the second part we develop a theoretical framework looking at sociological and economic theories of education and labour market, from which we derive some hypotheses on the expected results. In the last part, we apply a propensity score matching analysis on data from the Italian University Graduates Survey conducted in 2007 by the Italian National Institute of Statistics, which provides information on more than 40,000 graduates who obtained their degree in 2004. The main results indicate that graduates from private universities are younger, have a higher socio-economic background and a slightly better previous school career than those from state universities. Contrary to a widespread belief, once accounted for self-selection into the type of university using a wide range of variables, graduating from a private university has neither a significant nor a substantial effect on employment probability, hourly wage and occupational level three years after graduation.  相似文献   

A Three‐Dimensional Approach and Open Source Structure for the Design and Experimentation of Teaching‐Learning Sequences: The case of friction     

Ugo Besson  Lidia Borghi  Anna De Ambrosis  Paolo Mascheretti 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(10):1289-1313

We have developed a teaching‐learning sequence (TLS) on friction based on a preliminary study involving three dimensions: an analysis of didactic research on the topic, an overview of usual approaches, and a critical analysis of the subject, considered also in its historical development. We found that mostly the usual presentations do not take into account the complexity of friction as it emerges from scientific research, may reinforce some inaccurate students’ conceptions, and favour a limited vision of friction phenomena. The TLS we propose begins by considering a wide range of friction phenomena to favour an initial motivation and a broader view of the topic and then develops a path of interrelated observations, experiments, and theoretical aspects. It proposes the use of structural models, involving visual representations and stimulating intuition, aimed at helping students build mental models of friction mechanisms. To facilitate the reproducibility in school contexts, the sequence is designed as an open source structure, with a core of contents, conceptual correlations and methodological choices, and a cloud of elements that can be re‐designed by teachers. The sequence has been tested in teacher education and in upper secondary school, and has shown positive results in overcoming student difficulties and stimulating richer reasoning based on the structural models we suggested. The proposed path has modified the teachers’ view of the topic, producing a motivation to change their traditional presentations. The open structure of the sequence has facilitated its implementation by teachers in school in coherence with the rationale of the proposal.  相似文献   

Contemporary approaches to learning science: technologically-mediated practical work     

Eileen Scanlon  Erica Morris  Terry di Paolo  Martyn Cooper 《Studies in Science Education》2013,49(1):73-114

This paper describes the current state of science education in Arab states and anticipates some of the challenges faced by those states as they reform their science education. After discussing problems of illiteracy, access and quality we provide contextual information about the structure of the educational systems and describe recent efforts to reform them. We focus on issues pertaining to science curriculum and textbooks, language, religion, student learning in science, science teacher education and science education research and summarise the challenges and opportunities for research faced in each area. We conclude the paper by proposing a set of policy and research recommendations that could aid in the development of lasting solutions for recurring problems.  相似文献   

Benefiting colleagues but not the city: Localized effects from the relocation of superstar inventors     

Paolo Zacchia 《Research Policy》2018,47(5):992-1005

In this paper I examine episodes in which superstar inventors relocate to a new city. In particular, in order to assess whether the beneficial effects of physical proximity to a superstar have a restricted network dimension or a wider spatial breadth (spillovers), I estimate changes in patterns of patenting activity following these events for two different groups of inventors: the superstar's close collaborators, and all the other inventors in a given urban area, for both the locality where the superstar moves to and for the one that is left behind. In the case of collaborators, I restrict the attention to patents realized independently from the superstar. The results from the event study register a large and persistent positive effect on the collaborators in the city of destination, as well as a simultaneous negative trend affecting those still residing in the previous location. In the long run, these effects translate into an increased difference between the two groups of about 0.16 patents per inventor. Conversely, no city-wide spillover effect can be attested, offering little support to place-based policies aimed at inducing a positive influx of top innovators in urban areas.  相似文献   

Bayesian network based extreme learning machine for subjectivity detection     

Iti Chaturvedi  Edoardo Ragusa  Paolo Gastaldo  Rodolfo Zunino  Erik Cambria 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2018,355(4):1780-1797

Subjectivity detection is a task of natural language processing that aims to remove ‘factual’ or ‘neutral’ content, i.e., objective text that does not contain any opinion, from online product reviews. Such a pre-processing step is crucial to increase the accuracy of sentiment analysis systems, as these are usually optimized for the binary classification task of distinguishing between positive and negative content. In this paper, we extend the extreme learning machine (ELM) paradigm to a novel framework that exploits the features of both Bayesian networks and fuzzy recurrent neural networks to perform subjectivity detection. In particular, Bayesian networks are used to build a network of connections among the hidden neurons of the conventional ELM configuration in order to capture dependencies in high-dimensional data. Next, a fuzzy recurrent neural network inherits the overall structure generated by the Bayesian networks to model temporal features in the predictor. Experimental results confirmed the ability of the proposed framework to deal with standard subjectivity detection problems and also proved its capacity to address portability across languages in translation tasks.  相似文献   

欧足联前主席米歇尔·普拉蒂尼上诉案的法理分析          下载免费PDF全文

Paolo Garraffa 《体育科研》2018,(3):11-21

国际足联前主席约瑟夫·S.布拉特和欧足联前主席米歇尔·普拉蒂尼腐败案是2016年国际足联的重大事件之一。普拉蒂尼在受到国际足联道德委员会的处罚后,上诉到国际足联上诉委员会,而后上诉到国际体育仲裁院,最后又上诉到瑞士联邦高等法院。本文通过对普拉蒂尼上诉案,尤其是上诉到瑞士联邦高等法院案进行法理分析,并就此案深入地探讨了瑞士法律与基于瑞士法律的国际足联规则和国际体育仲裁规则的适用情况,进一步透视了瑞士法律对于此案件的处理机制,并指出该案判决仍然可能存在罪罚相称性的问题。  相似文献   

Using & Re-using Archive Information for Multimedia Applications: The Virtual Museum of Italian Computer Science History     

Franca Garzotto  Paolo Paolini  Pasquale Savino 《Archives and Museum Informatics》1999,13(2):95-111

The quality of content is a key attribute for assessing the globalquality of a museum application. Unfortunately, producing good content,especially in multimedia digital form, is expensive and time-consuming.One way to reduce the costs without sacrificing quality is to exploitthe concept of information reuse. The idea is to use (portions of) thesame multimedia material in different applications, possibly adapting itfor different contexts, for different categories of users, and fordifferent delivery channels (e.g., on-line and off-line). Informationreuse does not come free. To be effective, it requires a well-organizedenvironment in which information can be easily stored, inspected,retrieved, and adapted for different purposes. This paper describes theapproach adopted in the project ``The Virtual Museum of Italian ComputerScience History', funded by the Italian National Council of Research(CNR). In this project, all the digital material (documents, images,video interviews, etc.) is stored in a digital archive based on amultimedia database with a WWW front-end. The archive is designed forspecialists only: members of the editorial board of the project;researchers in the history of science; application developers (whoare looking for interesting content to include in their CD-ROMs or Websites). Each research group involved in the project extracted andadapted from the digital archive the multimedia material needed to builda different hypermedia application in two ``versions' – WWW andCD-ROM. These applications, both on-line and off-line, strongly reuse(portions of) the digital archive content, but organize and present itwith a totally different style, to address the needs of non-specialists(e.g., people who have some interest, or curiosity, in the history ofItalian computer science).  相似文献