Effects of Facilitator-Directed and Self-Directed Group Experiences     

ROBERT K. CONYNE 《Counselor Education & Supervision》1974,13(3):184-189

A group experience consisting of five selected Encountertapes and five unstructured sessions (25 hours) was provided for six groups of eight people each (N=48) enrolled in a counselor education course in group procedures. Three of these groups had cofacilitators (facilitator-directed) while three had no designated facilitators (self-directed). Congruency was assessed by the Group Semantic Differential, a measure of self-congruency. Disclosure was assessed by the Johari Window, a measure of self-disclosure. No significant differences between treatments were found. Increased levels of self-congruency and self-disclosure were demonstrated by both treatments. Implications for counselor training and areas for additional research were suggested.  相似文献   

A METHODOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE TORRANCE TESTS OF CREATIVITY     

ROBERT W. LISSITZ  JOSEPH L. WILLHOFT 《Journal of Educational Measurement》1985,22(1):1-11

The sensitivity of creative thinking as measured by the Torrance Tests with regard to an experimenter-induced response set was investigated. The 198 subjects were divided into four groups. Before performing the Unusual Uses Activity (Verbal Form A), each group was given a unique set of instructions. Group I received standard instructions and acted as a control. Other treatments were varied in terms of the types of responses that were encouraged. Group II was encouraged to be "practical and reasonable"; Group III was encouraged to list "as many ideas" as possible; and Group IV was encouraged to include all "unusual, weird, or illogical" ideas. Discriminant analysis yeilded two significant functions, suggesting that univariate analysis of the Torrance scales of Fluency. Flexibility, and Originality can be misleading. A multivariate Dunnett test showed that Torrance Tests were highly sensitive to brief experimenter manipulation. A very modest induced attitude shift resulted in a shift of up to approximately a standard deviation in the creativity scores.  相似文献   

The Rural School Counselor: Relationships Among Rural Sociology,Counselor Role,and Counselor Training     

ROBERT G. SABA 《Counselor Education & Supervision》1991,30(4):322-329

Recommendations for the training of rural school counselors are derived from characteristics of the rural American population and the resultant role of the school counselor.  相似文献   

Changes in Counseling Response Preference among Rehabilitation Counseling Interns     

ROBERT M. DAVIS  JAMES B. O'CONNOR 《Counselor Education & Supervision》1974,14(1):40-46

Counseling response preferences of graduate students completing internship requirements were assessed using Patterson's Rehabilitation Counseling Response Exercise during the first and final weeks of their internships at a comprehensive, multidisciplinary vocational rehabilitation center. It was hypothesized that at the end of the internship the students would show a significant increase in preference for active counseling responses and a correspondingly significant decrease in preferences for passive techniques. Five counseling responses were evaluated and change did occur as hypothesized.  相似文献   

Preservation and Coloring of Seaweeds     

ELIZABETH YOUNG  ROBERT LOWRY  LUCY SKJELSTAD 《Curator: The Museum Journal》1992,35(2):137-143

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