Pharmacogenetic Aspects of Coumarinic Oral Anticoagulant Therapies     

Rathore SS  Agarwal SK  Pande S  Singh SK  Mittal T  Mittal B 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2011,26(3):222-229

Coumarinic oral-anticoagulants (COAs) are commonly used for treatment of thromboembolic events. However, these medications have a narrow therapeutic range and there are large inter-individual variations in drug response. This is especially important in the initial phases of oral-anticoagulant therapy. Recent advancements in pharmacogenetics have established that clinical outcomes in oral-anticoagulant therapy are affected by genetic factors. The allelic variants of genes like cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1) are closely associated with maintenance dose of oral anti-coagulants. In addition, GGCX (Gamma-glutamyl carboxylase) polymorphism at position 12970 (rs11676382), CYP4F2 (rs2108622; V433M; 1347 C > T) and Apolipoprotein E (APOE) variants have been shown to explain a small but significant influence on dose requirements. There are large differences in the frequencies of these polymorphisms between different world populations which are also related to the requirements of oral anticoagulants. However, the final drug dosage in an individual is determined by complex sets of genetic and environmental factors and several dosing algorithms which combine clinical and genetic parameters to predict therapeutic COA doses have also been developed. The algorithm based dose prediction shows the importance of pharmacogenetic testing in patients undergoing oral anticoagulant therapies.  相似文献   

Role of Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease     

Das SK  Balakrishnan V 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2011,26(2):202-209

A number of factors are linked with non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD), a condition that ranges from clinically benign fatty liver to its more severe form, non alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In this study, we evaluated the role of cytokines secreted from adipose tissue in the pathogenesis and progression of NAFLD. We also compared anthropometric profile, lipid profile and insulin resistance data in 105 NAFLD patients with 77 normal subjects. These subjects showed a normal serum albumin level, prothrombin time and renal function but elevated aminotransferases. Predisposing factors were diabetes mellitus (35%), overweight (56%) and hyperlipidemia (44%). Insulin resistance (IR), determined by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) was confirmed in 70% patients with NAFLD and 42% patients fulfilled the minimum criteria for insulin resistance syndrome (IRS). NAFLD patients showed elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-6, while anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 level decreased and IL-10 level remain unchanged; however, TGF-β1 level elevated significantly compared to normal subjects. While insulin level and HOMA-IR both were significantly positively correlated with BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, total cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and TGF-β1; glucose, IL-6 and TNF-α levels were significantly positively correlated with HOMA-IR only. In conclusion, pro-inflammatory cytokines play an important link between metabolic and liver disorders in the fat accumulation, and thereby cause IR, inflammation and liver fibrosis.  相似文献   

生物医学图像预处理和分割算法实验研究     

沈楠 《淮北职业技术学院学报》2020,19(4):104-107

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转化医学理念在医学机能学教学中的应用     

安英  陈雪  赵丽晶  沈楠  徐博 《中国科技信息》2012,(16):192

转化医学作为一种新理念,旨在推动基础研究成果快速临床转化并用于疾病诊断、预防和治疗之中,其核心是在实验室与临床之间建立一个双向转化通道。随着对转化医学认识的不断深入,其理念已经渗透到基础医学研究的各个领域。本文对医学机能学与转化医学的联系进行了归纳和总结,对其医学机能学教学中培养转化医学理念进行分析和展望。  相似文献   

A case series of marijuana exposures in pediatric patients less than 5 years of age     

Wang GS  Narang SK  Wells K  Chuang R 《Child abuse & neglect》2011,35(7):563-565

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Enhancing orthographic knowledge helps spelling production in eight-year-old Chinese children at risk for dyslexia     

Leong CK  Loh KY  Ki WW  Tse SK 《Annals of dyslexia》2011,61(1):136-160

We investigated the effects of enhancing orthographic knowledge on the spelling of Chinese characters and words in 131 eight-year-old Chinese children at risk for dyslexia. The traditional approach (37 children) emphasizing memory and repeated writing was the control condition. The analytic and synthetic approach (ASA, 33 children) stressed insight into character structure. The integrated analytic and synthetic approach added to ASA self-correction and metacognitive activities (INA, 61 children). The children were first asked to write down as many words as possible associated with pictures of home, school, and community; the correctly written words formed the baseline information. The children were then instructed by their classroom teachers in six especially designed short texts and assessed in eight measurable bujian or radical tasks subserving three constructs: morpheme completion, bujian analysis and synthesis and bujian compounding. Multivariate analyses of variance showed that the children in the INA condition outperformed those in the other conditions in three of the measurable bujian tasks. A confirmatory factor analysis verified the stability of the eight tasks and their clustering into three constructs. From these results, we tentatively propose a “bujian sensitivity hypothesis” as a means of helping young Chinese children at risk for spelling disorders.  相似文献   

Introduction of vertical integration and case-based learning in anatomy for undergraduate physical therapy and occupational therapy students     

Parmar SK  Rathinam BA 《Anatomical sciences education》2011,4(3):170-173

The purpose of the present pilot study was to evaluate the benefits of innovative teaching methodologies introduced to final year occupational and physical therapy students in Christian Medical College in India. Students' satisfactions along the long-term retention of knowledge and clinical application of the respiratory anatomy have been assessed. The final year undergraduate physical therapy and occupational therapy students had respiratory anatomy teaching over two sessions. The teaching involved case-based learning and integrated anatomy lectures (vertical integration) with the Anatomy department. Pretest and immediate and follow-up post-tests were conducted to assess the effectiveness of the innovative methods. A feedback questionnaire was marked to grade case-based learning. The method of integrated and case-based teaching was appreciated and found to be useful in imparting knowledge to the students. Students retained the gained knowledge adequately and the same was inferred by statistically significant improvement in both post-test scores. Vertical integration of anatomy in the final year reinforces their existing knowledge of anatomy. Case-based learning may facilitate the development of effective and clinically sound therapists.  相似文献   

Continuing education as a catalyst for inter-professional collaboration     

Allen MP  Jacobs SK  Levy J  Pierce S  Pravikoff DS  Tanner A 《Medical reference services quarterly》2005,24(3):93-102

Do nurses have access to the tools and resources they need for evidence-based practice? Are librarians prepared to work with nurses to provide access to appropriate resources and services, and teach the needed information literacy skills? The authors work with professional library and nursing organizations to present interdisciplinary continuing education to improve the information literacy of nurses and the ability of librarians to provide resources and services that meet nurses' information needs. This article reviews behavioral and practice changes reported by nurses and librarian participants in symposia on evidence-based nursing in March 2001 and May 2003.  相似文献   

Differential generation of hydrogen peroxide upon exposure to zinc and cadmium in the hyperaccumulating plant specie （Sedum alfredii Hance）     

Chao YE  Zhang M  Tian SK  Lu LL  Yang XE 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2008,9(3):243-249

Sedum alfredii Hance has been identified as zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) co-hyperaccumulator. In this paper the relationships of Zn or Cd hyperaccumulation to the generation and the role of H2O2 in Sedum alfredii H. were examined, The results show that Zn and Cd contents in the shoots of Sedum alfredii H. treated with 1000 μmol/L Zn2 and/or 200 μmol/L Cd2 increased linearly within 15 d. Contents of total S, glutathione (GSH) and H2O2 in shoots also increased within 15 d, and then decreased. Total S and GSH contents in shoots were higher under Cd2 treatment than under Zn2 treatment. However, reverse trends of H2O2 content in shoots were obtained, in which much higher H2O2 content was observed in Zn2 -treated shoots than in Cd2 -treated shoots. Similarly, the microscopic imaging of H2O2 accumulation in leaves using H2O2 probe technique showed that much higher H2O2 accumulation was observed in the Zn2 -treated leaf than in the Cd2 -treated one. These results suggest that there are different responses in the generation of H2O2 upon exposure to Zn2 and Cd2 for the hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii H. And this is the first report that the generation of H2O2 may play an important role in Zn hyperaccumulation in the leaves. Oar results also imply that GSH may play an important role in the detoxification of dissociated Zn/Cd and the generation of H2O2.  相似文献   

Gene hunters sound warning over gay link     

Miller SK 《New scientist (1971)》1993,139(1883):4-5

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