Assessment of Oxidative Stress Markers and Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness in Elderly Patients Without and with Coronary Artery Disease     

Murali Krishna Madisetty  Konda Kumaraswami  Shivakrishna Katkam  Kankanala Saumya  Y. Satyanarayana Raju  Naval Chandra  Maddury Jyotsna  Sujatha Patnaik  Vijay Kumar Kutala 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2016,31(3):278-285

We aimed to assess whether measuring carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and oxidative stress markers such as protein carbonyls, malondialdehyde, nitrate and glutathione in plasma of elderly patients without and with coronary artery disease (CAD) identifies early risk for CAD. A total of 50 cases with cardiovascular risk factors over the age of 60 years without CAD, and 50 patients with angiographically documented CAD over the age of 60 years were included in the study. Control group consists of 200 healthy individuals without the risk factors. Demographic details were obtained from all the subjects and CIMT measured by high frequency ultrasound and oxidative stress markers such protein carbonyls, malondialdehyde and total glutathione were determined in plasma by spectrophotometric methods. The distribution of cardiovascular risk factors in without CAD and CAD cases were smokers (16 vs 56 %), hypertension (26 vs 64 %), diabetes (16 vs 56 %) and dyslipidemia (18 vs 58 %) and positive family history (4 vs 38 %). None of the control group had any cardiovascular risk factors. Among the CAD cases, 16 % had single vessel disease, 44 % had double vessel disease and 40 % had triple vessel disease. The CIMT was significantly increased in CAD cases as compared to cases without CAD and healthy controls. On the other hand, CIMT was significantly increased in cases without CAD as compared to healthy controls. CIMT also increased with the duration of diabetes in patients without CAD and severity of disease in CAD cases. The levels of oxidants like plasma malondialdehyde, protein carbonyls, were significantly elevated and antioxidant glutathione levels and nitrate levels were significantly reduced in cases with and without CAD as compared to healthy controls. Oxidative stress markers and CIMT was found to be significantly increased in patients with cardiovascular risk factors like diabetes, family history of CAD, dyslipidemia, hypertension and smoking when compared to patients without risk factors. In patients with diabetes, CIMT increased as duration of disease increases and also in poorly controlled diabetes. In CAD group, when number of vessel involvement (severity of coronary disease) increases, the CIMT also increases confirming that CIMT is a quantifiable risk factor for CAD.  相似文献   

Circadian periodicity of plasma lipid peroxides and anti-oxidant enzymes in pulmonary tuberculosis     

Ranjana Singh  Rajesh K. Singh  Anil K. Tripathi  Nikhil Gupta  Ajai Kumar  Anil K. Singh  Abbas A. Mahdi  Rajendra Prasad  Raj K. Singh 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2004,19(1):14-20

The circadian periodicity of plasma lipid peroxide levels and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were studied in 50 clinically, bacteriologically and radiologically proven fresh cases of pulmonary tuberculosis (age: 21–45 years) and 60 age-matched healthy volunteers with diurnal activity from 06∶00 to about 22∶00 and nocturnal rest. A marked circadian variation in plasma lipid peroxide level was recorded in healthy subjects and pulmonary tuberculosis patients with significant amplitude and acrophase around 16∶21 and 17∶12 respectively. The acrophase tended to be delayed in tuberculosis patients. Furthermore, a statistically significant circadian rhythm was found in SOD, CAT and GPx activities in normal volunteers and pulmonary tuberculopsis patients. SOD and CAT enzyme activity was noted to be maximum at 06∶00 and minimum at 00∶00 in tuberculosis patients. The circadian acrophase for GPx activity was recorded at 16∶15 in normals and around 22∶45 in patients. Moreover, the activity was found to be decreased at all sampling hours during 24-hours sleep-awake period in patients in comparison to healthy counterparts. The MESOR and circadian amplitude also decreased markedly. The decreased activity of measured antioxidant enzymes in pulmonary tuberculosis patients could probably be associated with oxidative stress and/or decreased anti-oxidant defensive mechanism in such patients.  相似文献   

Internet resources and biochemistry     

H. K. Bid  Ajay Kumar  R. D. Mittal 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2006,21(1):137-141

The Internet is a massive expanding body of information, which is likely to play a significant role for clinical Biochemists and researchers in patient health care across the world. This expansion has been matched by an increase in the number of individuals using the Internet. Since its inception in December 1969 the Internet has grown rapidly and is anticipated to expand 100% in the coming next few years. This review illustrates to the Biochemists many uses of the Internet and hopefully provides a useful resource for professional and personal use. To explain the origin, functions, use and impact of the Internet and to provide a list of important website addresses related to Biochemistry. We undertook a detail scan of the Internet and identified a large number of websites pertaining to Biochemistry. The sites were then thoroughly searched to evaluate their potential usefulness to Biochemists, clinicians and researchers. This overview of the Internet and a compilation of important web-site addresses are expected to stimulate and inculcate Biochemists in the use of the web in teaching, training and research.  相似文献   

Cardioprotective response to chronic administration of vitamin E in isoproterenol induced myocardial necrosis: Hemodynamic,biochemical and ultrastructural studies     

Mukesh Nandave  Ipseeta Mohanty  T. C. Nag  Shreesh Kumar Ojha  Rajan Mittal  Santosh Kumari  Dharamvir Singh Arya 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2007,22(1):22-28

The present study evaluated the cardioprotective potential of vitamin-E by studying its effect on hemodynamic parameters, lipid peroxidation, myocyte injury marker and ultrastructural changes in model of isoproterenol-induced myocardial necrosis in rats. Wistar albino male rats (150–200 g) were randomly divided into saline, ISP control, and vit E groups. Vitamin E group was administered vitamin E at a dose of 100mg/kg/day while saline and ISP control groups received saline orally for one month. On 29^th and 30^th day, ISP (85 mg/kg, sc) was administered at an interval of 24 h to vit E and ISP control rats. On 31^st day, rats of all groups were anesthetized and hemodynamic parameters were recorded. At the end of experimentation, animals were sacrificed; hearts were excised and processed for biochemical and ultrastructural studies. ISP administration produced marked cardiac necrosis as evidenced by significant decrease in my ocardial creatine kinase-MB as well as increase in malonaldialdehyde levels. ISP-induced myocardial necrosis resulted in myocardial dysfunction as evidenced by significant depression in heart rate and mean arterial pressure in the ISP control group as compared to saline control. Salient ultrastructural changes including extensive loss of myofibrils, muscle necrosis, loss of mitochondria, and formation of several intracytoplasmic vacuoles and lipid droplets further confirmed the ISP-induced myocardial damage. However, subsequent to ISP challenge, vit E treatment significantly preserved the myocardium by restoring myocardial CK-MB activity, inhibiting the ISP-induced lipid peroxidation and ultrastructural changes. Additionally, pre-and co-treatment of vit E prevented the deleterious ultrastructural changes caused by ISP. These beneficial effects of chronic vit E treatment also translated into significant restoration of the altered hemodynamic parameters. The present study clearly demonstrated the cardioprotective potential of vit E at dose of 100 mg/kg in ISP-induced model of myocardial necrosis in rats. The significant restoration of altered hemodynamic parameters, myocardial CK-MB activity, prevention of ISP-induced rise in lipid peroxidation and ultrastructural changes may confirm its cardioprotective effect.  相似文献   

Production of recombinant enveloped structural proteins from the Chinese WSSV isolate     

Rajeev Kumar Jha  Zi-rong Xu 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2005,20(2):136-141

The white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is one of the deadly pathogens of penaeid shrimps and other crustaceans. The WSSV virion consists of an enveloped rod-shaped nucleocapsid enclosing a large circular double stranded DNA genome of 305 Kb with 181 open reading frames. The two major structural genes, VP19 and VP28 were amplified from the genomic DNA of Chinese isolate of WSSV and cloned in pUCm-T vector and sub cloned in pET-30a (+) vector. The expressions of genes inE. coli (BL21) were confirmed by SDS-PAGE analysis. The clones were sequenced, submitted to the gene bank and the Xiang Shan strain of WSSV were compared with the previous reported sequence of WSSV of various regions which revealed that VP19 and VP28 gene sequences had certain differences from the sequences of similar genes of the isolate already reported. The recombinant proteins expressed, purified and characterized.  相似文献   

Oxidative stress is the primary event: Effects of ethanol consumption in brain     

Subir Kumar Das  Hiran K. R.  Sukhes Mukherjee  D. M. Vasudevan 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2007,22(1):99-104

Damaging effects of reactive oxygen species on living systems are well documented. They include oxidative attack on vital cell constituents. Chronic ethanol administration is able to induce an oxidative stress in the central nervous system. In the present study, 16–18 week-old male albino rats of Wistar strain were exposed to different concentration of ethanol for 4 weeks. This exposure showed profound effect on body weight. Ascorbic acid level; and activities of alkaline phosphatase and aspartate transaminase in the brain are dependent on the concentration of ethanol exposure. Chronic ethanol ingestion elicits statistically significant increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances level and decrease in gluatathione level in the brain. It reduces superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activities in a dose dependent manner. However, histological examination could not reveal any pathophysiological changes. Therefore, we conclude that biochemical alterations and oxidative stress related parameters respond early in alcoholism than the histopathological changes in brain.  相似文献   

Raised Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase associated with gangrenous small bowel volvulus: A case report     

Uday Kumar  Anand Sharan  Shaheena Kamal 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2003,18(2):6-7

Usually CPK, CK-MB and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzymes are measured in blood during the period of myocardial infarction. The changes in LDH assay indicates duration of the infarction. The level of lactate dehydrogenase is 500 times greater in tissue than those found in serum. A small mass of damaged tissue causes leakage of enzyme and increases its level in serum. Any cause of tissue break down/hemolysis which is sufficiently severe can produce LDH pattern similar to that in myocardial infarction. We report this case of small bowel volvulus showing significant increase in LDH. It may be due to tissue necrosis which increases the level of LDH in serum.  相似文献   

Lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus     

P. Ashok Kumar  G. Rajagopal 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2003,18(1):71-74

Lipid peroxidation by measurement of Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) and antioxidant status by determining the activities of the enzymes, Catalase (Cat), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and the level of Reduced Glutathione (GSH) in the erythrocytes of patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus were investigated. It was observed that the level of TBARS in the erythrocytes was increased by 50% showing a significant generation of free radicals in the erythrocytes of these patients. The activities of both Cat and SOD were enhanced while that of GPx was not altered. The level of GSH was also not changed.  相似文献   

Evaluation of microsatellite instability in tumors of central nervous system: A pilot study     

Minal Vaish  Raj Kumar  R. D. Mittal  Balraj Mittal 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2004,19(2):156-162

Microsatellite instability (MSI) characterized by alterations at simple repetitive genomic sequences is a distinct mechanism in tumorogenesis. Central nervous system (CNS) tumors have been reported to exhibit MSI, indicator of defective mismatch repair system with controversies. The present study was undertaken to examine sixteen primary brain and two spinal tumors for MSI at six mono: BAT-26, BAT-40, BAX, TGFßRII, IGFIIR and hMSH3 and four dinucleotide loci: D2S123, D9S1851, D9S283 and D18S58. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was done to amplify tumour and blood DNA, analyzed on 8% denaturing Polyacrylamide gel followed by autoradiography. Out of 18 CNS tumors examined, 39% exhibited MSI at BAT-26, BAT-40, D9S1851, D9S283 and D18S58 in tumoral DNA. However, no alteration was observed at BAX, TGFßRII, IGFIIR, hMSH3 and D2S123 loci. Low incidence of MS1-high hypothesizes role of MSI in evolution of CNS tumors but not in cancer initiation or progression.  相似文献   

Knowledge and Skills Needed by Instructional Designers in Higher Education     

Albert D. Ritzhaupt  Swapna Kumar 《Performance Improvement Quarterly》2015,28(3):51-69

In this paper, we sought to address the following research question: What knowledge and skills are needed by instructional designers in higher education to be successful in their roles? We interviewed eight instructional designers from across the United States, all working for institutions of higher education. Using the constant comparative method, we analyzed our data to identify relevant themes. Our results suggest that instructional designers in higher education must have a solid foundation in instructional design and learning theory, possess soft skills and technical skills, and have a willingness to learn on the job. Most instructional designers felt their academic backgrounds assisted them with their job roles, and, in particular, valued their professional experiences. Instructional designers in higher education must also keep abreast of multiple emerging information and communication technologies. We provide a discussion to synthesize our findings. The findings are relevant to professionals, professional academic programs, and professional associations.  相似文献