Helping Homeless Families Overcome Barriers to Successful Functioning     

Kevin?J.?SwickEmail author 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2005,33(3):195-200

The author articulates key stressors in the lives of families who are homeless. These stresses often combine with barriers such as lack of job opportunities and/or insensitive professionals. Strategies for helping homeless families overcome these barriers and related issues are presented.  相似文献   

The relation of multiple-schedule behavioral contrast to deprivation,time in session,and within-session changes in responding     

McSweeney FK  Swindell S  Murphy ES  Kowal BP 《Learning & behavior》2004,32(2):190-201

Pigeons' keypecking was reinforced by food on baseline schedules of multiple variable interval (VI) x VI x and on contrast schedules of multiple VI x VI y. Deprivation of food was varied by maintaining subjects at 75%, 85%, and 95% (+/- 2%) of their free-feeding weights. Positive and negative behavioral contrast were observed. The size of the contrast was not systematically altered by changes in deprivation. Positive and negative contrast were both larger later in the session than they were earlier. Within-session decreases in responding were steeper for the baseline than for the contrast schedules for positive contrast. Within-session decreases were steeper for the contrast than for the baseline schedules for negative contrast. These results were predicted by the idea that different amounts of habituation to the reinforcer during the baseline and contrast schedules contribute to behavioral contrast. The results show that contrast occurs under conditions that reduce the effect of the following component. The results support the assumption that positive and negative contrast are produced by symmetrical theoretical variables.  相似文献   

Impact of brief or extended extinction of a taste aversion on inhibitory associations: Evidence from summation,retardation, and preference tests     

Brooks DC  Bowker JL  Anderson JE  Palmatier MI 《Learning & behavior》2003,31(1):69-84

In five conditioned taste aversion experiments with rats, summation, retardation, and preference tests were used to assess the effects of extinguishing a conditioned saccharin aversion for three or nine trials. In Experiment 1, a summation test showed that saccharin aversion extinguished over nine trials reduced the aversion to a merely conditioned flavor (vinegar), whereas three saccharin extinction trials did not subsequently influence the vinegar aversion. Experiment 2 clarified that result, with unpaired controls equated on flavor exposure prior to testing; the results with those controls suggested that the flavor extinguished for nine trials produced generalization decrement during testing. In Experiment 3, the saccharin aversion reconditioned slowly after nine extinction trials, but not after three. Those results suggested the development of latent inhibition after more than three extinction trials. Preference tests comparing saccharin consumption with a concurrently available fluid (water in Experiment 4, saline in Experiment 5) showed that the preference for saccharin was greater after nine extinction trials than after three. However, saccharin preference after nine extinction trials was not greater, as compared with that for either latent inhibition controls (Experiments 4 and 5) or a control given equated exposures to saccharin and trained to drink saline at a high rate prior to testing (Experiment 5). Concerns about whether conditioned inhibition has been demonstrated in any flavor aversion procedure are discussed. Our findings help explain both successes and failures in demonstrating postextinction conditioned response recovery effects reported in the conditioned taste aversion literature, and they can be explained using a memory interference account.  相似文献   

师生冲突的概念界定与分类探究——基于刘易斯·科塞的冲突分类理论   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

田国秀 《教师教育研究》2003,15(6):40-45

论文通过借鉴和辨析社会学理论中的冲突概念,对师生冲突概念作出界定。根据美国当代社会学家刘易斯·科塞的冲突分类理论,对学校师生冲突进行分类研究。在此基础上提出了三个观点:学校师生冲突的多数属于非现实性冲突;师生结构由紧密走向松散是师生冲突增多的重要原因;师生冲突具有一定的正面功能。  相似文献   

Land degradation,government subsidy,and smallholders’ conservation decision: the case of the loess plateau in China     

石敏俊 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2004,5(12):1533-1542

Land degradation is one of the severe environmental problems in China. In order to combat land degradation, a soil conservation program was introduced since 2000 to reduce soil erosion by converting slope-cultivated land into forestry and pasture. This paper represents the first systematic attempt to investigate the impact of the soil conservation program on land degradation in the loess plateau. The results indicate that the soil conservation program to convert slope fields into forest or pasture is an effective way to combat soil erosion. However, a subsidy that is higher than profit of land use activity of slope fields before their conversion into forest and pasture is needed to encourage farmers to join the conservation program. A policy measure to encourage and assist farmers to develop sedentary livestock by using crops produced from fields as well as fodder and forage grass from the converted slope fields might contribute to combat soil erosion. Increase in off-farm job opportunities may encourage households to reduce cultivation in slope fields. That implies a policy measure to encourage rural urbanization might contribute to combat soil erosion.  相似文献   

China’s graduate students need better education in scientific writing and publishing     

Chun-jie?Zhang  Yuan?ZhuEmail author 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2016,17(5):409-412

  相似文献   

Yangxueqingnao particles inhibit rat vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation induced by lysophosphatidic acid   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Cai W  Xu Y  Chen JZ  Huang SR  Lu ZY  Wang ZK 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2005,6(9):892-896

Objective: To observe the effect of Yangxueqingnao particles on rat vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation induced by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). Methods: The amount of3H-TdR (3H-thymidine) admixed in cultured rat VSMC was measured and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity and lipid peroxidation end product malondialdehyde (MDA)content of the VSMC were assayed. Results: 1×10-9, 1×10-8, 1×10-7 mol/L LPA in a concentration dependent manner, induced the amount of 3H-TdR admixed, MAP kinase activity, and MDA content of the cultured rat VSMC to increase. However, 5%, 10%,and 15% Yangxueqingnao serum preincubation resulted in a decrease of 23.0%, 42.0%, and 52.0% (P＜0.01) respectively in the amount of 3H-TdR admixed, a decline in VSMC MAP kinase activity of 13.9% (P＜0.05), 29.6% (P＜0.01), and 48.9% (P＜0.01)respectively, and also, a decrease in MDA content of VSMC of 19.4%, 24.7%, and 43.2% (P＜0.01) respectively, in the 1×10-7mol/L LPA-treated VSMC. Conclusions: LPA activates the proliferation and lipid peroxidation of VSMC in a concentration dependent manner. The LPA-induced VSMC proliferation is related to the activity of MAP kinases, enzymes involved in an intracellular signalling pathway. The results of the present study showed that Yangxueqingnao particles can effectively inhibit LPA-induced VSMC proliferation, MAP kinase activation, and reduce lipid peroxidative lesion.  相似文献   

The inadequacy of individual educational program (IEP) goals for high school students with word-level reading difficulties     

Catone WV  Brady SA 《Annals of dyslexia》2005,55(1):53-78

This investigation analyzed goals from the Individual Educational Programs (IEPs) of 54 high school students with diagnosed reading disabilities in basic skills (decoding and/or word identification). Results showed that for 73% of the students, the IEPs written when they were in high school failed to specify any objectives regarding their acute difficulties with basic skills. IEPs from earlier points in the students’ educations were also reviewed, as available. For 23 of the students, IEPs were present in the students’ files for three time points: elementary school (ES), middle school (MS), and high school (HS). Another 20 students from the sample of 54 had IEPs available for two time points (HS and either MS or ES). Comparisons with the IEPs from younger years showed a pattern of decline from ES to MS to HS in the percentage of IEPs that commented on or set goals pertaining to weaknesses in decoding. These findings suggest that basic skills deficits that persist into the upper grade levels are not being sufficiently targeted for remediation, and help explain why older students frequently fail to resolve their reading problems.  相似文献   

Investigation on apoptosis of neuronal cells induced by Amyloid beta-Protein     

罗本燕  徐增斌  陈智  陈峰  唐敏 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2004,5(8):989-994

Objective: To construct a PC12 cell strain with neuronal differentiation, and observe the apoptosis and pro-liferation activity effects induced these cells by Amyloid beta-Protein (Aβ-43). Methods: 1) PC12 cells in logarithmicgrowth phase were subcultured for 24 h. After the culture fluid was changed, the cells were treated with Rat-β-NGF andcultured for 9 days. 2) Neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells in logarithmic growth phase were divided into four groups:control group (0), experimental group (1), experimental group (2) and experimental group (3). The concentrations of Aβ inthe four groups were 0 μmol/L, 1.25 μ mol/L, 2.5 μ mol/L and 5 μmol/L, respectively. The cells were harvested at 24, 48 and72 h later and stained with AnnexinV-FITC/PI after centrifugation and washing. Then flow cytometry was conducted toexamine the apoptosis percentage. 3) NGF-induced PC12 cells were selected and Aβ with different concentrations wasadded. The final concentrations of Aβ were 0 μmol/L, 1.25 μmol/L, 2.5 μmol/L and 5 μ mol/L, respectively. After the cellswere incubated in an atmosphere of 5% CO2 at 37 ℃ in an incubator for 72 h, the OD values were examined. Results: 1)Neuronal differentiated PC 12 cell lines were successfully established. 2) Flow cytometric examination indicated that Aβ(1.25, 2.5, and 5.0 μmol/L) could effectively induce apoptosis of neuronal-differented cells at the 24 h, 48 h and 72 h timepoints. 3) Aβ (0-5.00 μ mol/L) had no obvious effect on proliferation or restraining of the neuronal differentiation of thePC 12 cells after a 72 h interacting process. Conclusion: This investigation revealed successful neuronal differentiation of thePC12 cell strain. The induction of apoptosis of the neurocytes by various concentrations of Aβ was observed and the in-fluence of Aβ on induced proliferation of PC 12 cells by Rat-β-NGF was revealed. This study -05 provide basis for futureresearch on the molecular cure of AD and interdiction of AD evolution.  相似文献   

Counselor Educators' Experiences Preparing Preservice School Counselors: A Phenomenological Study          下载免费PDF全文

Jennifer Scaturo Watkinson  Emily C. Goodman‐Scott  Ian Martin  Kathy Biles 《Counselor Education & Supervision》2018,57(3):178-193

The authors conducted a phenomenological study to explore the experiences of 32 school counselor educators preparing preservice school counselors. Analysis of data from 3 focus groups revealed 3 themes: breadth versus depth, balancing specialties and professor partiality, and preparation versus practice. These results highlight the need for collaboration across counseling specialties at the preservice level.  相似文献