Explaining the class gap in training: the role of employment relations and job characteristics     

Steffen Schindler 《International Journal of Lifelong Education》2013,32(2):213-232

Existing studies consistently find a gap in further education between high‐ and low‐skilled workers, implying a gap in formal training between high‐ and low‐skilled classes. In this paper, we hypothesize that the most important reasons for differences between social classes in further education participation are grounded in job characteristics rather than worker characteristics. This is in line with theoretical foundations of the construction of the widely used Erikson‐Goldthorpe‐Portocarero (EGP) class scheme and related classifications, such as the new European Socio‐Economic Classification (ESeC) scheme that we apply in our analyses. We explore the importance of different job characteristics for the explanation of the class gap with a dataset providing detailed information about the jobs of more than 20,000 German employees. The tasks performed and the technologies used in the job are found to be of particular importance. Both are able to explain much of the variation in training activity between different class positions and different educational levels. We discuss the implications of our results for social inequality. Our conclusion is that much of the variation of training incidents between classes comes from the very simple fact that they carry out different jobs. This should always be taken into account when inequality in training between individuals is examined.  相似文献   

The Others reconstructed     

Alexander Geimer  Steffen Lepa  Achim Hackenberg  Yvonne Ehrenspeck 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2007,10(4):493-511

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Towards a micro foundation of leadership,governance, and management in universities     

Steffen Blaschke  Jetta Frost  Fabian Hattke 《Higher Education》2014,68(5):711-732

Leadership, governance, and management are frequently conceptualized as conflictory institutional logics. The recent shift to a ‘new managerialism’ in universities, for example, clearly favors business-like leadership and management styles over collegial governance practices. This article provides a micro foundation of leadership, governance, and management in universities based on the underlying communication of strategic issues among governing bodies. Reporting on a longitudinal case study of a comprehensive reorganization of a German university, it illustrates how institutional logics translate into micro patterns of communication. The findings suggest that leadership, governance, and management are not necessarily conflictory but reflect in four complementary micro patterns. Rather than ‘managerialism’ replacing ‘collegialism,’ organizational change unfolds in oscillating sequences of these four micro patterns. The findings furthermore indicate that the strategic issues of research and teaching at the university’s core remain largely autonomous, despite their increasing managerial regulation.  相似文献   

A Specification Error Test That Uses Instrumental Variables to Detect Latent Quadratic and Latent Interaction Effects     

Steffen Nestler 《Structural equation modeling》2013,20(4):542-551

The relations between the latent variables in structural equation models are typically assumed to be linear in form. This article aims to explain how a specification error test using instrumental variables (IVs) can be employed to detect unmodeled interactions between latent variables or quadratic effects of latent variables. An empirical example is presented, and the results of a simulation study are reported to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the test and compare it with the commonly employed chi-square model test. The results show that the proposed test can identify most unmodeled latent interactions or latent quadratic effects in moderate to large samples. Furthermore, its power is higher when the number of indicators used to define the latent variables is large. Altogether, this article shows how the IV-based test can be applied to structural equation models and that it is a valuable tool for researchers using structural equation models.  相似文献   

Can digital information literacy among undergraduates be improved? Evidence from an experimental study     

Hannes Weber  Steffen Hillmert  Karin Julia Rott 《Teaching in Higher Education》2013,18(8):909-926

ABSTRACT

The Internet has become a pivotal source of information among university students. However, studies routinely show that many students lack digital information literacy skills (i.e. skills needed to find and evaluate information online). In this paper, we report results from an experimental study testing the effect of a workshop for third-year students of a German university. The workshop was designed to teach relevant information literacy skills in a computer lab. Afterwards, students were given academic search tasks and their search behavior was recorded with a tracking device. We find that, compared with the control group, workshop participants significantly increased their use of academic databases and cited more articles from scholarly journals. On the other hand, we find no effect on the relevance of the content students found online. Teaching digital information literacy is essential and feasible, but it is no panacea for increasing the academic quality of students’ work.  相似文献   

Repeated monitoring of blood parameters for evaluating strain and overload in elite football players: is it justified?     

Steffen Meister  Karen aus der Fünten  Tim Meyer 《Journal of sports sciences》2014,32(13):1328-1331

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Beitr?ge aus der aktuellen Herbartianismusforschung zwischen ?Zukunft“ und ?Reformp?dagogik“     

Steffen Schlüter 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2011,14(4):691-700

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Studienabbruch und -wechsel in den neuen Bachelorstudiengängen     

Irmela Blüthmann  Steffen Lepa  Felicitas Thiel 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2008,11(3):406-429

The article gives an overview of current state of research concerning study drop-out. Then, on basis of successfully validated scales from literature, a new instrument for measuring personal reasons for abandoning bachelor study programs is developed and tested for reliability and validity. A study drop-out, based on study conditions and study demands, will be tested by a path model.  相似文献   

Entwurf und Implementierung eines SQL-normkonformen Datenbankkatalogs für ein relationales Datenbankmanagementsystem     

Steffen Skatulla  Ralf Schaarschmidt  Peter Pistor und Klaus Küspert 《Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung》2000,15(3):161-170

Zusammenfassung.   Bei relationalen Datenbanksystemen haben sich de-jure-Normen für SQL stetig weiterentwickelt; mit diesen Normen wird es einfacher, portable Datenbankanwendungen zu entwickeln. Die SQL-Norm ruht auf zwei S?ulen, zum einen auf der Datenbanksprache SQL, zum anderen auf einer Vorgabe eines Datenbankkatalogs, welcher die gespeicherten Daten beschreiben soll. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird derjenige Teilbereich des Datenbankkatalogs der aktuellen SQL99-Norm dargestellt, der bereits in der SQL92-Norm (ISO/IEC 9075:1992 bzw. DIN 66315) definiert ist und die klassischen (nicht objektrelationalen) Elemente einer relationalen Datenbank beschreibt. In dieser Darstellung nimmt der zweischichtige Spezifikationsansatz (Informationsschema, Definitionsschema) einigen Raum ein; mit seiner Hilfe weist SQL einen eleganten Weg, auf dem existierende Datenbanksysteme normkonforme Datenbankkataloge bereitstellen k?nnen. Anhand des Datenbankmanagementsystems DB2 wird anschlie?end untersucht, wie ein normkonformer Datenbankkatalog (das sogenannte Informationsschema) „oberhalb” des verfügbaren DB2-Katalogs realisiert werden kann, d. h. wie die vom Informationsschema geforderten Sichten auf DB2-Katalogtabellen abgebildet werden k?nnen. Auf generelle Schwierigkeiten und M?glichkeiten einer solchen Abbildung (ein- oder zweistufig) wird ebenso eingegangen wie auf Probleme, die sich speziell bei DB2 ergeben. In einer prototypischen Realisierung konnte das Informationsschema bis auf wenige Einschr?nkungen komplett umgesetzt werden. Damit wurde die Machbarkeit normkonformer Kataloge nachgewiesen. In heute verfügbaren DBMS-Produkten sind Datenbankkataloge in dieser konsequent normkonformen Gestalt leider immer noch nicht anzutreffen. Eingegangen am 5. M?rz 1999 / Angenommen am 1. Mai 2000  相似文献   

Short-term slackline training improves task-specific but not general balance in female handball players     

Steffen Ringhof  Nina Zeeb  Stefan Altmann  Rainer Neumann  Alexander Woll  Thorsten Stein 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(5):557-566

Slackline training has been shown to improve balance and neuromuscular performance. However, recent studies suggested that balance is task-specific, implying that transferability of balance skills is limited and might depend on the similarity of the tasks. This study therefore investigated if short-term slackline training could improve performance in balance tasks that are either more or less similar to the trained slackline task. Furthermore, we assessed potential transfer effects to other neuromuscular performance tests.

25 female handball players (23.7?±?3.9 years) participated in our study and were matched to either a slackline training (SLT; n?=?14) or a control group (CON; n?=?11). The intervention comprised 12 sessions with overall 120 minutes of slackline training using single and double slacklines. Slackline standing time and measures of dynamic and static balance were assessed before and after the intervention, as well as power and sprint-related performance parameters.

Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA found a significant group?×?time interaction for slackline standing time, indicating larger training effects for SLT. For the remaining dynamic and static balance tests, no significant interactions were found. With regard to neuromuscular performance, there was a significant group?×?time interaction only in change of direction.

In essence, the study showed that slackline training induced task-specific balance improvements without affecting general balance. This adds further evidence to the task-specificity principle of balance, although the specificity of the sample as well as the briefness of the intervention should be taken into account when generalizing our findings. Nonetheless, this study contains practical implications for team sports interventions and future balance training studies, highlighting the importance of selecting appropriate balance exercises to yield rapid and the desired training outcomes.  相似文献