Cross‐cultural Similarities in Attitudes toward Computers and the Implications for Teacher Education     

Gerald Knezek  Keeko Miyashita  Takashi Sakamoto 《Technology, Pedagogy and Education》2013,22(2):193-204

ABSTRACT

Results of a three year longitudinal study of elementary school children's attitudes toward computers in Japan, Mexico, and the United States of America are presented, along with implications of the findings for teacher education. Two types of attitudes toward computers (importance and enjoyment) were found to be positively influenced by the introduction of computer activities in primary school. No novelty effect was found regarding enjoyment of computers, and perceived computer importance declined less from Grades 1–3 than several other dispositions measured. No consistent gender differences were found for attitudes toward computers among the three nations. These findings imply that students begin school eager to learn about computers and lacking the gender biases often found in older age groups, and that teachers should be educated to help preserve interest in and access to information technology for all students. Reflections for teacher education conclude the article.  相似文献   

亚洲本土学者对亚洲史重构研究的探索——以滨下武志、王正毅为例     

王作成 《青海师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2004,(1):42-47

全球化进程的深入发展要求对为西方中心论所遮蔽的亚洲历史进行重构，王正毅、滨下武志的探索表明，亚洲本土学的重构亚洲史的工作正处于逐步深入的阶段；在理论取向上，他们试图跳出本土论与照搬西方理论的范畴；在做法上，目前多是侧重于对中观层面的关注或对具体问题的深度挖掘。  相似文献   

Undergraduates' attitudes and beliefs about subject matter and pedagogy measured periodically in a reform‐based mathematics and science teacher preparation program     

J. Randy McGinnis  Steve Kramer  Gilli Shama  Anna O. Graeber  Carolyn A. Parker  Ted Watanabe 《科学教学研究杂志》2002,39(8):713-737

This study describes the design and use of a valid and reliable instrument to measure teacher candidates' attitudes and beliefs about mathematics and science and the teaching of those subjects. The instrument, Attitudes and Beliefs about the Nature of and the Teaching of Mathematics and Science, was developed for the Maryland Collaborative for Teacher Preparation (MCTP), a statewide, standards‐based project in the National Science Foundation's Collaborative in Excellence in Teaching Preparation (CETP) Program. We report on two applications of the instrument: (a) a contrast between MCTP teacher candidates' and non‐MCTP teacher candidates' attitudes and beliefs about mathematics and science as they initially encountered reform‐based instruction in their undergraduate courses, and (b) a landscaping of how the MCTP teacher candidates' attitudes toward and beliefs about mathematics and science evolved over a 2.5‐year period. In support of current reform in science and mathematics teacher education, we determined that over an extended period the MCTP teacher candidates' attitudes and beliefs moved substantively and significantly in the direction intended. However, we also found that the non‐MCTP teacher candidates in the same reform‐based courses did not mirror this improvement in their attitudes and beliefs about mathematics and science or the teaching of those subjects. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 39: 713–737, 2002  相似文献   

Trends in the substitution of production factors to technology—empirical analysis of the inducing impact of the energy crisis on Japanese industrial     

Chihiro Watanabe 《Research Policy》1992,21(6)

Japan successfully overcame the energy crises of 1973 and 1979, maintaining productivity in the face of drastically increased energy prices, despite the fragile nature of its energy structure. This was due to technological innovation efforts that led to rapid improvement in Japan's industrial technology as a whole.This paper tries to prove this hypothesis on the basis of an examination of the trends in the substitution of production factors by technology as represented by R&D investment efforts.Since the first energy crisis in 1973, there have been a number of attempts to identify the possibility of substitutability of energy by other production factors, but none have been successful in taking technology into account.This paper tackles this subject on the basis of the measurement of the technological knowledge stock and en empirical analysis using a translog cost function incorporating this stock, and shows that over the last two decades all production factors have been substituted by technology in Japan's manufacturing industry or have been moving towards that direction.  相似文献   

CAMELOT: collaborative and multimedia environment for learners on teams     

Takashi Fuji  Takeshi Tanigawa  Masahiro Inui  Takeo Saegusa 《Education and Information Technologies》1996,1(3-4):203-226

In the business-systems-design learning environment, there may be more than one solution to any given problem. For instance, the data model will be different depending on each learner’s perspective. Accordingly, group learning systems are very effective in this domain. We have developed a collaborative and multimedia environment for learners on teams (CAMELOT) using the ‘nominal group technique’ for group problem solving. In this paper, the basic framework of the collaborative learning system and the effectiveness of collaborative learning in designing the data model are described. By using CAMELOT, each learner learns how to analyse through case studies and how to collaborate with his or her group in problem solving. Learners come to a deeper understanding from using CAMELOT than from studying independently because they can reach better solutions through discussion, tips from other learners and examination of one another’s individual works.  相似文献   

Erratum to: Roles of attention in perceptual learning from perspectives of psychophysics and animal learning     

Y. Tsushima  T. Watanabe 《Learning & behavior》2009,37(4):380-380

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II. On a new method of measuring the mean height of the ozone in the atmosphere     

K. Watanabe 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1943,236(5):461-471

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Dynamics of submaximal effort soccer instep kicking     

Hiroyuki Nunome  Koichiro Inoue  Kohei Watanabe  Takahito Iga  Hiroshi Akima 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(22):2588-2595

During a soccer match, players are often required to control the ball velocity of a kick. However, little information is available for the fundamental qualities associated with kicking at various effort levels. We aimed to illustrate segmental dynamics of the kicking leg during soccer instep kicking at submaximal efforts. The instep kicking motion of eight experienced university soccer players (height: 172.4 ± 4.6 cm, mass: 63.3 ± 5.2 kg) at 50, 75 and 100% effort levels were recorded by a motion capture system (500 Hz), while resultant ball velocities were monitored using a pair of photocells. Between the three effort levels, kinetic adjustments were clearly identified in both proximal and distal segments with significantly different (large effect sizes) angular impulses due to resultant joint and interaction moments. Also, players tended to hit an off-centre point on the ball using a more medial contact point on the foot and with the foot in a less upright position in lower effort levels. These results suggested that players control their leg swing in a context of a proximal to distal segmental sequential system and add some fine-tuning of the resultant ball velocity by changing the manner of ball impact.  相似文献   

Analysis of trajectory errors in integrating ordinary differential equations     

K. Watanabe  D.M. Himmelblau 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1982,314(5):283-321

A method of analyzing and interpreting trajectory errors in the numerical solution of ordinary differential equations by digital computers is discussed. Truncation in integrating a set of differential equations leads to errors in the trajectory of the solution. An explanation is given for the use of diagrams in the complex plane to evaluate errors in the trajectory, with a discussion of the properties of a number of frequently used integration formulas via the diagrams. The diagrams portray the characteristics of an integration method in more detail than do the absolutely stable regions presented by Dahlquist. Based on the diagrams, guidelines are listed as to how to choose a proper integration formula for the given set of differential equations. A method is presented to check whether or not the numerical solution is satisfactory.  相似文献   

The meaning of play: A cross‐cultural study of American and Japanese teachers’ perspectives on play     

Satomi Izumi Taylor  Cosby Steele Rogers  Arleen Theresa Dodd  Toshiko Kaneda  Iku Nagasaki  Yasuhiro Watanabe 《Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education》2013,34(4):311-321

Abstract

Early childhood teachers’ understandings of play were examined in a qualitative comparative study of 41 Japanese and 41 American participants. Qualitative analysis of the data yielded five themes: the power of living, the opportunity to learn and to develop, fun activities, child's work, and the opportunity to explore nature. Two themes emerged in regard to the meaning of play for adults: enjoyable and voluntary activities and child's play. Finally, we identified two themes regarding playfulness: state of heart and fun feelings. Teachers in both nations used rhetoric that is congruent with the current Zeitgeist of developmentally appropriate early education. One theme that differentiated the groups was the notion that play is children's work. While several Americans mentioned this slogan, this was not the case for the Japanese participants. In contrast, the theme of play as the power of living was more representative of Japanese teachers’ understandings of play, and this reflects the philosophy set forth by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology.  相似文献