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A new sensor for detecting ski bending and torsional deflection during an actual ski turn on the snow has been developed.
It consisted of bending and torsion sensors connected by light rigid beams. This structure was fixed to the upper surface
of a ski and passed through a tunnel in the central binding plate. The bending and torsion sensors were strain cells, designed
to reject strain orthogonal to the desired measurement direction. The calibration factor for each sensor was determined in
a jig, then the calibration of the overall sensor assembly was checked by static bending experiments and a free vibration
test. A data logger recorded the strain signals synchronously with other data such as the components of the earth’s magnetic
field measured by a sensor on the ski. The data set allowed reconstruction in software of the instantaneous shape, direction
and edge angle of the ski. The purpose of this paper is mainly to introduce the equipment used and methods developed. Tests
of the sensor performance are described. Results from a ski run on snow are presented to show how the various types of data
can be combined. A skilled ski athlete performed long turns with the ski at about 60 km/h on a groomed snow surface at Shiga
Kogen in Japan. The experiment on snow showed that the deformation of the ski was predominantly bending; torsional deflection,
although measurable, had only a small effect on the shape of the running edge. The ski edge adopted a symmetrical circular
bent shape with an unexpectedly small radius when on the outside, but was unconstrained, lightly loaded and nearly straight
when on the inside. 相似文献
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Cellular growth under hydrostatic pressure using bovine aortic EC-SMC co-cultured ePTFE vascular graft 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
High blood pressure (hypertension) is implicated in the development of atherosclerosis. Blood vessels are constantly subjected to stretch due to blood pressure and changes in stretch usually instigate adaptive vascular remodeling, including abnormal growth and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) as well as extracellular matrix (ECM). In this experiment, we used bovine aortic endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells (EC-SMC) co-cultured ePTFE vascular grafts subjected to normal atmospheric pressure (as a control), and 100 mmHg hydrostatic pressure for 7 d. The increase of cell layer thickness was observed. When measured, the cell layer thickness increased by 116.2%. The increase of collagen (Type IV) synthesis was also observed in the immunohistochemistry assay. When stained with toluidine blue, the cells showed metachromatic phenomenon. 相似文献
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Albert H. Rubenstein Charles F. Douds Horst Geschka Takeshi Kawase John P. Miller Raymond Saintpaul David Watkins 《Research Policy》1977,6(4):324-357
This paper reports on four studies (in France, Germany (FRG), Japan, and United Kingdom) exploring reactions of industrial managers to government incentives (GIs), laws, policies, regulations, and other interventions intended to stimulate technological innovation. Propositions supported by the results are: (1) there are significant differences among industrial managers in different countries in their attitudes toward government actions relevant to the RD/I process; (2) Government actions to stimulate innovation are not perceived as salient to industrial RD/I (R&D/Innovation) decision making; and (3) Government actions in general are perceived to delay introduction of innovations into the market.German and Japanese firms seemed most aware of, and favorably disposed toward, GIs. Low technology firms in the UK were more supportive of GIs than high technology firms. The opposite was the case in Japan and France, while little overall difference existed among firms in Germany. One must exercise care, however, in drawing inferences from such international comparisons; countries differ in the nature, scope, and administration of programs, as well as the effect of cultural characteristics. Managers in all countries were unanimous that general government policies (economic and otherwise) and general market and competitive conditions have a more significant impact on firm RD/I decision making than the specific incentive programs. Incentive programs were, with some exceptions, considered orders of magnitude too small to be of significance. The burden of administering procedurally complex and inflexible incentive programs and dealing with cumbersome government bureaucracy were considered significant detriments. General infrastructural elements such as the educational system, social recognition and support, and government standards-setting were considered more important than direct incentives. 相似文献
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Strategy effects on word searching in Japanese letter fluency tests: evidence from the NIRS findings
Takeshi Hatta Ayano Kanari Mitsuhito Mase Yuko Nagano Tatsuaki Shirataki Shinji Hibino 《Reading and writing》2009,22(9):1041-1052
Strategy effects on word searching in the Japanese letter fluency test were investigated using the Near-infrared Spectroscopy
(NIRS). Participants were given a Japanese letter fluency test and they were classified into two types of strategy users,
based on analysis of their recorded verbal responses. One group, AIUEO-order strategy users, employed sequential word searching
based upon the imagery of the AIUEO-table which they mastered when young, and the other group, semantic strategy users, searched
for the next word mainly based on semantic relations. The blood-flow volumes (OxyHb) measured of the AIUEO-order strategy
users were greater than for the semantic strategy users in the frontal parts of the brain, and the blood-flow was more active
in the right than in the left part of the brain. These different activation patterns suggest that the NIRS might be useful
new brain imaging technique for examination of psychological process in verbal behavior. 相似文献
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三田刚史 《徐州师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2005,31(5):5-10
通过对自1922年9月至1925年11月在上海发行的《孤军》杂志上的论战,尤其是《经济政策讨论》的分析,可以看出留日中国学生如何看待马列主义和中国革命。该杂志的论者包括杜国庠、王学文、李希贤、史维焕、周佛海等,他们都师从东亚马克思主义先驱者河上肇教授。他们在讨论的过程中不一定接受共产国际对中国革命的见解与方针,而主张中国的社会主义革命为时尚早的论者占了论争的主导。但是,他们并不否定社会主义,反而将留日期间得到的知识加以消化,使它们成为分析中国现状的工具,用来探索走向社会主义的中国特有道路或中国独特的革命方略。 相似文献
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Background:The adhesion of monocytes to the endothelium following accumulation oflow-density lipoprotein(LDL) in subendothelial spaces is an important step in the development of intimal hyperplasia in arterially implanted vein grafts and atherosclerosis in both animals and humans.However.it iS not well known how serum factors affect the adhesion of monocytes.Methods:We have studied the efrect of fetal calf serum(FCS).which we considered a source of LDL.on the adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells(Ecs)by using human monocytic THP-1 cells and both a monolayer of cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells(EC monoculture)and a co-culture with bovine aortic smooth muscle cells(EC-SMC co-culture).Results:It was found that the addition of FCS to the medium greatly affected the adhesion of THP-1 cells,and the higher the concentration of FCS in the medium,the greater the adhesion of THP-1 cells to endothelial cells.Adhesion of THP-1 cells to an EC-SMC co-culture Was approximately twofold greater than that to an EC monoculture,and after adhering to endothelial cells,many THP-1 cells transmigrated into the layer of smooth muscle cells.Conclusion:The results suggest that the elevation of the LDL(cholesterol)level in blood provides a favorable condition for the development of intimal hyperplasia and atherosclerosis by promoting the adhesion of monocytcs to the endothelium and their subsequent migration into subendothelial spaces. 相似文献
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While Honduras's post-1990s enrolment status has improved, no reports examine changes in status. We examined changes in enrolment patterns by analysing 1689 children's data using the true cohort method. We also analysed educational-development strategies/policies and project documentation. Grade-failure numbers did not improve over time because more children attended school, and no clear influence of strategies/policies and projects on educational quality was observed. Enrolment patterns were divided into graduation pattern with once-or-none repetition, and into dropout pattern after one-or-two years’ attendance. However, the more recent the school entrance year, the more often students continued attendance until graduation. Policy implications of these are discussed. 相似文献
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Yoko Yamasaki 《History of education》2013,42(3):335-349
This paper offers an account of the historic and ongoing international interchange between Britain and Japan in the field of progressive education. Concentrating on the last half-century, it takes two reference points from Roy Lowe’s writings in 1977 and 2006. Eveline Lowe Primary was a newly built model progressive school when documented by him in a seminal work on school architecture, later becoming a key point of interest for Japanese educationists. The British educational policy context against which this exchange of ideas and practices occurred was later documented by Lowe in a major book. Contemporaneous debates and events within Japanese society and government meanwhile provided the impetus for networks of research and transmission of progressive practices. The most recent turn in the narrative presented here demonstrates Japanese support for independent progressive practice continuing in the UK. Responding to an extensive historical research literature on transnational migration of educational ideals and practices this paper constitutes a micro-study that draws on personal memory, oral testimony, records of classroom observation on site and by means of video-conferencing, in addition to more formal documentation of conference proceedings and policy-making. 相似文献