Congruence of student teachers' pedagogical images and actual classroom practices     

Lena Fung  Lina P.Y. Chow 《Educational research; a review for teachers and all concerned with progress in education》2013,55(3):313-321

An understanding of student teachers' pedagogical images plays an important role in helping teacher educators plan learning experiences. The purposes of this study were to obtain a profile of pedagogical images of a group of student teachers, and to assess whether there is congruence between their pedagogical images and classroom practices. Applying the conception of teaching model proposed by Pratt, Chan developed a questionnaire to evaluate teachers' views about teaching, which was modified here and administered to 59 first-year student teachers before and after their teaching practicum in physical education for secondary schools. Results indicated that the student teachers possess a Nurturing image, whereas in actual classroom practices, their approach was a mix between the Apprenticeship and the Transmission approaches. In other words, whereas student teachers conceive themselves as having a more child-centred approach to teaching, in reality, their practices constituted more a teacher-centred approach. The investigators considered that this type of information would be helpful for teacher educators when planning learning experiences.  相似文献   

论社会资本——以周寿臣与晚清留美幼童为例     

郑宏泰  周振威 《徐州师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2013,39(2)

作为一种深具影响力的分析框架,社会资本理论近年来被研究者广泛运用.与肉眼能见、易于计算的经济资本不同,像人际关系、商业网络或社会联系之类的社会资本,则既抽象又不易被人察觉.虽然如此,社会资本有助于强化彼此合作,或是可以减低交易成本的作用却十分明显.周寿臣和晚清留美幼童之间的紧密联系,正好说明社会资本的建立、积累、深化和传递,让人看到资本在某些关键时刻或特殊事件上所发挥的巨大作用.其中三个层面或例子可以作为说明:(一)1881年,当周寿臣因未事先知会上司而擅自离开天津后被上海道台扣押时,如无留美幼童的及时援救,他应不可能摆脱牢狱之灾,更不可能获得转赴当时仍属清朝藩属的朝鲜任事的较好工作机会.(二)1881-1894年在朝鲜任职期间,周寿臣与其他留美幼童合作无间,协助袁世凯有效管治朝鲜大小事务,令袁氏印象深刻.到袁世凯大权在握时,周寿臣和幼童们自然深受器重与信任,获委以要职.(三)退休返乡后,周寿臣仍与留美幼童们保持紧密联系,无论大小事务,每当有需要时总会给予大力协助.  相似文献   

Construction and Validation of a Chinese Value of Learning Scale (CVLS)     

Angela Leung  Iris Chi  Nelson Chow  Kin Sun Chan  Kee Lee Chou 《Educational gerontology》2013,39(10):907-920

The Chinese Value of Learning Scale (CVLS) is a 5-item instrument for assessing the value of learning in Chinese culture. The psychometric properties of CVLS were investigated in a convenient sample of 583 Chinese soon-to-be-aged adults in Hong Kong. CVLS possesses high internal consistency and exhibited satisfactory short-term test-retest reliability. CVLS also exhibited high face validity and mild convergent validity with other 48-item openness-to-experience scale (OTES) from Revised NEO Personality Inventory, and is significantly related to the past and actual learning experience. In view of its brevity and easy administration, CVLS offers a useful instrument to further investigate the value of learning in Chinese culture and its possible relationship with adults' learning behaviour.  相似文献   

Ventilatory acclimatisation is beneficial for high-intensity exercise at altitude in elite cyclists     

Nathan E. Townsend  Christopher J. Gore  Tammie R. Ebert  David T. Martin  Allan G. Hahn  Chin-Moi Chow 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(8):895-902

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between ventilatory adaptation and performance during altitude training at 2700?m. Methods: Seven elite cyclists (age: 21.2?±?1.1?yr, body mass: 69.9?±?5.6?kg, height 176.3?±?4.9?cm) participated in this study. A hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) test and a submaximal exercise test were performed at sea level prior to the training camp and again after 15 d at altitude (ALT15). Ventilation (V_E), end-tidal carbon-dioxide partial pressure (P_ETCO₂) and oxyhaemoglobin saturation via pulse oximetry (SpO₂) were measured at rest and during submaximal cycling at 250?W. A hill climb (HC) performance test was conducted at sea level and after 14 d at altitude (ALT14) using a road of similar length (5.5–6?km) and gradient (4.8–5.3%). Power output was measured using SRM cranks. Average HC power at ALT14 was normalised to sea level power (HC%). Multiple regression was used to identify significant predictors of performance at altitude. Results: At ALT15, there was a significant increase in resting V_E (10.3?±?1.9 vs. 12.2?±?2.4?L·min^?1) and HVR (0.34?±?0.24 vs. 0.71?±?0.49?L·min^?1·%^?1), while P_ETCO₂ (38.4?±?2.3 vs. 32.1?±?3.3?mmHg) and SpO₂ (97.9?±?0.7 vs. 94.0?±?1.7%) were reduced (P?V_E at altitude as significant predictors of HC% (adjusted r²?=?0.913; P?=?0.003). Conclusions: Ventilatory acclimatisation occurred during a 2 wk altitude training camp in elite cyclists and a higher HVR was associated with better performance at altitude, relative to sea level. These results suggest that ventilatory acclimatisation is beneficial for cycling performance at altitude.  相似文献   

Learn to Do by Doing and Observing: Exploring Early Childhood Educators′ Personal Behaviours as a Mechanism for Developing Physical Literacy Among Preschool Aged Children     

Lugossy  Anne-Marie  Froehlich Chow  Amanda  Humbert  M. Louise 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2022,50(3):411-424

Early Childhood Education Journal - The aim of this integrative review was to provide a synthesis of existing evidence on the impact of early childhood educators’ (ECEs) personal health and...  相似文献   

The continuous measurement of the springboard reaction force in gymnastic vaulting     

Shinya Sano  Yasuo Ikegami  Hiroyuki Nunome  Tommy Apriantono  Shinji Sakurai 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):381-391

Abstract

A new method was established for the continuous measurement of force applied from a springboard to a gymnast in vaulting (board reaction force). Male gymnasts performed a handspring vault using a springboard mounted on force platforms. A high-speed video camera sampled the springboard motion at 500 Hz. The springboard was initially partitioned into 29 segments. The force due to the accelerative motion of the springboard was determined by summing the forces of the individual segments. The board reaction force acting on the gymnast was calculated by subtracting the force due to the accelerative motion of the springboard and weight from the force recorded by the force platform. The new method succeeded in illustrating transient changes of the board reaction force. The horizontal and vertical components of the peak values of the board reaction force were three and two times greater respectively than the average values. A series of tests was conducted to determine whether the number of segments of the springboard model could be reduced without affecting accuracy. A model consisting of only four segments produced almost the same accuracy as the 29-segment model. The simplified model is recommended as a more efficient method to measure board reaction force.  相似文献   

Exploring the relationships between collective efficacy,perceptions of success,and team attributions     

Graig M. Chow  Deborah L. Feltz 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(11):1179-1189

Abstract

We examined the influence of collective efficacy and subjective interpretations of success/failure on team causal attributions. The participants were 71 male and female high school athletes on 20 track relay teams. Before a selected competition, participants completed a collective efficacy questionnaire. Then, immediately after their race, they were administered a modified version of the revised Causal Dimension Scale-II. A multi-level framework was employed to assess collective efficacy as an individually held perception and as a shared team belief. The individual perceptions of team success/failure significantly predicted the locus of causality and stability dimensions, whereas aggregated collective efficacy emerged as a significant team level predictor of average stability. Individual perceptions of collective efficacy were significantly related to team control and this relationship was moderated by the sex of the team. The findings indicate that collective efficacy beliefs held by athletes and teams prior to a competition influence the formation of post-competition team attributions in sport.  相似文献   

Query-oriented text summarization based on hypergraph transversals     

H. Van Lierde  Tommy W.S. Chow 《Information processing & management》2019,56(4):1317-1338

The rise in the amount of textual resources available on the Internet has created the need for tools of automatic document summarization. The main challenges of query-oriented extractive summarization are (1) to identify the topics of the documents and (2) to recover query-relevant sentences of the documents that together cover these topics. Existing graph- or hypergraph-based summarizers use graph-based ranking algorithms to produce individual scores of relevance for the sentences. Hence, these systems fail to measure the topics jointly covered by the sentences forming the summary, which tends to produce redundant summaries. To address the issue of selecting non-redundant sentences jointly covering the main query-relevant topics of a corpus, we propose a new method using the powerful theory of hypergraph transversals. First, we introduce a new topic model based on the semantic clustering of terms in order to discover the topics present in a corpus. Second, these topics are modeled as the hyperedges of a hypergraph in which the nodes are the sentences. A summary is then produced by generating a transversal of nodes in the hypergraph. Algorithms based on the theory of submodular functions are proposed to generate the transversals and to build the summaries. The proposed summarizer outperforms existing graph- or hypergraph-based summarizers by at least 6% of ROUGE-SU4 F-measure on DUC 2007 dataset. It is moreover cheaper than existing hypergraph-based summarizers in terms of computational time complexity.  相似文献   

Linking performance decline to choking: players’ perceptions in basketball     

Ashley Marie Fryer  Gershon Tenenbaum  Graig M. Chow 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(3):256-265

This study was aimed at examining how basketball players view unexpected performance errors in basketball, and under what conditions they perceive them as choking. Fifty-three basketball players were randomly assigned into 2 groups (game half) to evaluate the linkage between performance decline and choking as a function of game-time, score gap and game half. Within each group, players viewed 8 scenario clips, which featured a different player conducting an error, and subsequently rated the extent of performance decline, the instance of choking and the salience of various performance attributions regarding the error. The analysis revealed that choking was most salient in the 2nd half of the game, but an error was perceived as choking more saliently in the beginning of the 2nd half. This trend was also shown for players’ perception of performance decline. Players’ ratings of the attributions assigned to errors, however, revealed that during the end of the 2nd half, time pressure and lack of concentration were the causes of errors. Overall, the results provide evidence towards a conceptual framework linking performance decline to the perception of choking, and that errors conducted by players are perceived as choking when there is not a salient reason to suggest its occurrence.  相似文献   

The attitudes of hong kong primary school principals toward integrated education     

Umesh Sharma  Emily W. S. Chow 《Asia Pacific Education Review》2008,9(3):380-391

Positive attitudes of key stakeholders, such as school principals, towards a new policy are considered a necessary pre-requisite to implement any such policy. Hong Kong has recently formulated a policy that supports the integration of students with disabilities into regular schools. This study investigated the attitudes of Hong Kong primary school principals toward integration, with a view to determining if these school leaders are prepared to implement integrated education practices in their schools. A modified version of the School Principals’ Attitudes toward Inclusion scale (Bailey, 2004) was used to collect data from participants. Based on the responses of 130 primary school principals, it was found that their attitudes toward integration were slightly negative. Principals who had less teaching experience and who were administering schools with smaller student enrolment were found to hold more positive attitudes toward integration. The variable of “having a family member or close friend with a disability” had a significant and positive effect on the principals’ attitudes toward integration.  相似文献