Nonreinforced flavor exposure attenuates the effects of conditioned taste aversion on both flavor consumption and cue palatability     

Dominic Michael Dwyer  Patricia Gasalla  Matías López 《Learning & behavior》2013,41(4):390-401

Nonreinforced exposure to a cue tends to attenuate subsequent conditioning with that cue—an effect referred to as latent inhibition (LI). In the two experiments reported here, we examined LI effects in the context of conditioned taste aversion by examining both the amount of consumption and the microstructure of the consummatory behavior (in terms of the mean size of lick clusters). The latter measure can be taken to reflect affective responses to, or the palatability of, the solution being consumed. In both experiments, exposure to a to-be-conditioned flavor prior to pairing the flavor with nausea produced by lithium chloride attenuated both the reduction in consumption and the reduction in lick cluster sizes typically produced by taste aversion learning. In addition, we observed a tendency (especially in the lick cluster measure) for nonreinforced exposure to reduce neophobic responses to the test flavors. Taken together, these results reinforce the suggestion from previous experiments using taste reactivity methods that LI attenuates the effects of taste aversion on both consumption and cue palatability. The present results also support the suggestion that the failure in previous studies to see concurrent LI effects on consumption and palatability was due to a context specificity produced by the oral taste infusion methods required for taste reactivity analyses. Finally, the fact that the pattern of extinction of conditioned changes in consumption and in lick cluster sizes was not affected by preexposure to the cue flavors suggests that LI influenced the quantity but not the quality of conditioned taste aversion.  相似文献   

A Study of the Use of Ontologies for Building Computer-Aided Control Engineering Self-Learning Educational Software     

Isaías García  Carmen Benavides  Héctor Alaiz  Angel Alonso 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2013,22(4):589-601

This paper describes research on the use of knowledge models (ontologies) for building computer-aided educational software in the field of control engineering. Ontologies are able to represent in the computer a very rich conceptual model of a given domain. This model can be used later for a number of purposes in different software applications. In this study, domain ontology about the field of lead–lag compensator design has been built and used for automatic exercise generation, graphical user interface population and interaction with the user at any level of detail, including explanations about why things occur. An application called Onto-CELE (ontology-based control engineering learning environment) uses the ontology for implementing a learning environment that can be used for self and lifelong learning purposes. The experience has shown that the use of knowledge models as the basis for educational software applications is capable of showing students the whole complexity of the analysis and design processes at any level of detail. A practical experience with postgraduate students has shown the mentioned benefits and possibilities of the approach.  相似文献   

学术期刊设置彩页或刊登广告刍议     

韩旭 《编辑学报》2004,16(2):134-135

学术期刊设置彩页或刊登广告是新型办刊理念的体现,是适应市场竞争的需要.探讨学术期刊设置彩页或刊登广告的特点、作用及应当注意的问题.  相似文献   

医学期刊质量和编辑水平的提高与循证医学的关系   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7  

董秀玥 《编辑学报》2004,16(4):256-257

通过循证医学与医学期刊及编辑关系重要性的论述 ,使医学期刊同人意识到未来循证医学对刊物质量及编辑水平的提高有着不可忽视的影响 ,并应在实际工作中遵循循证医学理论来编审稿件  相似文献   

办好综合性医学期刊的思考   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7  

袁桂清 《编辑学报》2004,16(6):434-435

医学科学的高度分化,促使医药卫生学术期刊向专科化发展,这给综合性医学期刊带来了严重危机.综合性医学期刊只有适应现代医学发展的形势,重新审视自己的内容定位、作者定位、读者定位,正视"作者分流,稿源不足;读者分流,发行下滑;广告分流,经济下降"等问题,要发挥优势,突出"综合",体现特色,才能办好.  相似文献   

科技期刊编辑应善于发掘作者的潜力     

戴丽琼 《编辑学报》2004,16(3):212-213

从传递交流信息、选择挖掘作者、文稿选题、科研设计、文稿处理、发表后的后续工作等方面论述发掘作者潜力的方式、方法与途径.认为编辑可以而且应该去发掘作者的潜力,这对科技期刊本身、作者、社会都有益处.  相似文献   

中国科学院东海海洋观测研究站          下载免费PDF全文

中国科学院海洋研究所 《中国科学院院刊》2019,34(10):1195-1197

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Comparison of Haptic and Biometric Properties,Bacterial Load,and Student Perception of Fixative Solutions: Formaldehyde Versus Chilean Conservative Fixative Solution with and without Formaldehyde in Pig Kidneys     

Marianne Skopnik-Chicago  Katherine Poblete-Cordero  Natali Zamora  Roberto Bastías  Pablo A. Lizana 《Anatomical sciences education》2021,14(6):836-846

One of the most widely used solutions to fix and preserve organic tissues is formaldehyde, despite reservations regarding its toxicity and the fact that formaldehyde-embalmed bodies lose their original characteristics. Anatomy laboratories have been replacing formaldehyde with solutions that retain the characteristics of fresh tissue. For this purpose, alternative solutions with a very low concentration of formaldehyde or without any formaldehyde have been analyzed. The objective of this study was to compare biometry, coloration, haptic properties, and bacterial load on animal specimens (pig kidneys) embalmed with formaldehyde, and with Chilean Conservative Fixative Solution with and without formaldehyde (formaldehyde chCFS and formaldehyde-free chCFS). Also, the perception of health and biological science students toward specimens treated with different solutions was assessed. The results indicated that there were no significant differences in specimens’ retraction, or bacterial load. Students showed a preference for organs embalmed in formaldehyde chCFS and formaldehyde-free chCFS; indicating that with these treatments they could better visualize structures and that the prosections had greater flexibility and the colors were more similar to those of fresh tissue. Additionally, students recommended the material embalmed in formaldehyde chCFS and formaldehyde-free chCFS for anatomy learning. In contrast, students indicated that formaldehyde-fixation negatively affected their practical experience. In conclusion, embalming with formaldehyde chCFS or formaldehyde-free chCFS provides an advantageous practical experience over the use of formaldehyde and may be an alternative to replace the use of formaldehyde in anatomy laboratories.  相似文献   

中国科技期刊研究 2006年 第17卷 第4期（PDF格式）     

《中国科技期刊研究》编辑部 《中国科技期刊研究》2006,17(4):531-688

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中国科技期刊研究 2005年 第16卷 第4期（PDF格式）     

《中国科技期刊研究》编辑部 《中国科技期刊研究》2005,16(4)

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