Rapid phenotypic evolution with shallow genomic differentiation during early stages of high elevation adaptation in Eurasian Tree Sparrows     

Yanhua Qu  Chunhai Chen  Ying Xiong  Huishang She  Yong E Zhang  Yalin Cheng  Shane DuBay  Dongming Li  Per G P Ericson  Yan Hao  Hongyuan Wang  Hongfeng Zhao  Gang Song  Hailin Zhang  Ting Yang  Chi Zhang  Liping Liang  Tianyu Wu  Jinyang Zhao  Qiang Gao  Weiwei Zhai  Fumin Lei 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2020,7(1):113

Known as the ‘third polar region’, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau represents one of the harshest highland environments in the world and yet a number of organisms thrive there. Previous studies of birds, animals and humans have focused on well-differentiated populations in later stages of phenotypic divergence. The adaptive processes during the initial phase of highland adaptation remain poorly understood. We studied a human commensal, the Eurasian Tree Sparrow, which has followed human agriculture to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Despite strong phenotypic differentiation at multiple levels, in particular in muscle-related phenotypes, highland and lowland populations show shallow genomic divergence and the colonization event occurred within the past few thousand years. In a one-month acclimation experiment investigating phenotypic plasticity, we exposed adult lowland tree sparrows to a hypoxic environment and did not observe muscle changes. Through population genetic analyses, we identified a signature of polygenic adaptation, whereby shifts in allele frequencies are spread across multiple loci, many of which are associated with muscle-related processes. Our results reveal a case of positive selection in which polygenic adaptation appears to drive rapid phenotypic evolution, shedding light on early stages of adaptive evolution to a novel environment.  相似文献   

Large-scale multiferroic complex oxide epitaxy with magnetically switched polarization enabled by solution processing     

Cong Liu  Feng An  Paria S M Gharavi  Qinwen Lu  Junkun Zha  Chao Chen  Liming Wang  Xiaozhi Zhan  Zedong Xu  Yuan Zhang  Ke Qu  Junxiang Yao  Yun Ou  Zhiming Zhao  Xiangli Zhong  Dongwen Zhang  Nagarajan Valanoor  Lang Chen  Tao Zhu  Deyang Chen  Xiaofang Zhai  Peng Gao  Tingting Jia  Shuhong Xie  Gaokuo Zhong  Jiangyu Li 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2020,7(1):84

Complex oxides with tunable structures have many fascinating properties, though high-quality complex oxide epitaxy with precisely controlled composition is still out of reach. Here we have successfully developed solution-based single-crystalline epitaxy for multiferroic (1-x)BiTi_(1-y)/2Fe_yMg_(1-y)/2O₃–(x)CaTiO₃ (BTFM–CTO) solid solution in large area, confirming its ferroelectricity at the atomic scale with strong spontaneous polarization. Careful compositional tuning leads to a bulk magnetization of 0.07 ± 0.035 μ_B/Fe at room temperature, enabling magnetically induced polarization switching exhibiting a large magnetoelectric coefficient of 2.7–3.0 × 10⁻⁷ s/m. This work demonstrates the great potential of solution processing in large-scale complex oxide epitaxy and establishes novel room-temperature magnetoelectric coupling in epitaxial BTFM–CTO film, making it possible to explore a much wider space of composition, phase, and structure that can be easily scaled up for industrial applications.  相似文献   

Hierarchy in materials for maximized efficiency     

Li-Hua Chen  Yu Li  Bao-Lian Su 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2020,7(11):1626

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论词汇空缺与流行词的产生     

方喜  詹宏伟 《黑龙江教育学院学报》2012,(9):129-132

以认知语言学的原型范畴理论为研究基础,通过阐述词汇空缺的含义以及形成条件和原因,一方面探讨流行词中存在的词汇空缺现象;另一方面重点分析语义空缺(词汇空缺之一)如何从流行词中体现,以及语义的扩充作为流行词产生的一个重要原因如何满足了人们表达与交流的需求。  相似文献   

浅谈教学过程中"责任心"对班主任工作的重要性     

陈全军 《佳木斯教育学院学报》2010,(5)

在教学工作中,作为教育工作者身肩更多的是无尽的责任,为了这份责任教育工作者就应该努力去做好班级工作,在教育工作中对班级的管理方面,本人在文中进行探讨,以供各住同行交流.  相似文献   

成人教育与学习参与障碍研究述评与展望     

陈国华 《职教通讯》2012,(22):42-46

通过整理近年来国内外的相关文献,对当前成人教育与学习参与障碍的研究成果进行系统的总结与归纳。重点对成人教育与学习参与障碍的内涵、情境障碍、机构障碍、心理障碍与信息障碍进行梳理,最后从成人教育与学习参与障碍未来本土化理论体系的建构与多元化研究方法的采用方面进行展望。  相似文献   

积极心理学在高校思想政治教育中的运用     

陈璇 《南昌教育学院学报》2013,(3):23+25

随着当今社会的迅速发展,大学生群体在各种文化、理念竞相迸发的时代难免会产生困惑,很多大学生深受拜金主义、享乐主义的影响,高校思想政治教育实施过程中也是困难重重。而积极心理学理论对于青少年的成长具有积极意义,积极心理治疗理论也是一种新生理论,它对于帮助青少年成长、拓宽青春期少年的心理辅导领域有着很大帮助。本文在对积极心理学及其治疗理论进行综述的基础上,尝试探讨其在高校思想政治教育方面的指导意义。  相似文献   

Effects of Ability Grouping on Student Achievement     

James A Kulikand  Chen‐Lin C. Kulik 《Equity & Excellence in Education》2013,46(1-2):22-30

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消防院校心理学课程质量评价体系的建构     

陈庆 《南昌教育学院学报》2013,(1):144-145

消防院校的心理学评价体系一定程度上阻碍了心理学教学质量的提高,探索与之相适应的课程评价体系亦是大势所趋。文章基于目前消防院校心理学课程评价体系存在的问题,从理论上初步建构与消防院校心理学课程相适应的评价体系。  相似文献   

图书借阅量配额管理困境的原因及对策     

陈厚莹 《高校图书馆工作》2011,31(3):25-27

图书借阅量应具备一定的＂质量＂,但目前其配额数量保守、配额依据缺失、配额时限固定给图书借阅造成了不良影响。究其原因在于重藏轻用的传统观念、读者阅读的多样诉求、滞后的图书借阅技术、不太友好的图书借阅环境等。需要从树立藏书与利用的正确观念、升级图书馆管理系统的借阅功能、重新定位图书馆的角色等方面采取措施加以解决。参考文献8。  相似文献