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David S. Crystal Chuansheng Chen rew J. Fuligni Harold W. Stevenson Chen-Chin Hsu Huei-Jen Ko Seiro Kitamura Susumu Kimura 《Child development》1994,65(3):738-753
American, 1,633 Chinese, and 1,247 Japanese eleventh-grade students, 5 indices of maladjustment included measures of stress, depressed mood, academic anxiety, aggression, and somatic complaints. Asian students reported higher levels of parental expectation and lower levels of parental satisfaction concerning academic achievement than their American peers. Nevertheless, Japanese students reported less stress, depressed mood, aggression, academic anxiety, and fewer somatic complaints than did American students. Chinese students reported less stress, academic anxiety, and aggressive feelings than their American counterparts, but did report higher frequencies of depressed mood and somatic complaints. High academic achievement as assessed by a test of mathematics was generally not associated with psychological maladjustment. The only exception was in the United States, where high achievers indicated more frequent feelings of stress than did low achievers. 相似文献
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The motion capture of alpine skiing is technically challenging. Motion capture systems using inertial sensors such as gyroscopes and accelerometers have begun to be used in sport. The capture volume of the system can be large enough to cover the whole area of a particular sporting event, because sensors are affixed to the human body itself. The current study developed a method of tracking the pose of an alpine skier using gyroscopes for 3 min with a tracking error of 2° (RMSE). The technical significance of the presented method, which uses one common simple algorithm to improve measurement of pose, applies to many experimental conditions. The adoption of a high resolution (24 bit) analog-to-digital converter and high sampling rate (1 kHz) also contribute to the improvement of measurement time. 相似文献
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Yusuke Ikeda Hiroshi Ichikawa Rio Nara Yasuhiro Baba Yoshimitsu Shimoyama 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(2):189-195
The purpose of this study was to determine the installation of the backstroke start device reduces 15-m time. Thirteen college swimmers participated in this study. The aerial start and underwater motions were recorded with two digital video cameras. The center of mass (CM) of the swimmer, angular displacements and velocities of the shoulder, hip and knee joints were calculated. As an indicator of performance, the 5- and 15-m times were measured. The 5- and 15-m times in the backstroke start device condition were significantly shorter than in the non-backstroke start device condition. The vertical velocities of the CM at hand-off and toe-off in the backstroke start device condition were significantly greater than in the non-backstroke start device condition, while there was no significant difference in the CM horizontal velocity at toe-off. As a result, the height of the great trochanter at entry of the fingertips, with the backstroke start device, was 15 cm higher than in the non-backstroke start device condition. In addition, the CM horizontal velocities at 5 m in the backstroke start device condition were significantly greater than those of the non-backstroke start device. Thus, the use of the backstroke start device may reduce the 15-m time by diminution of the entry area. 相似文献
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Improved executive functions in 6–12-year-old children following cognitively engaging tennis lessons
Toru Ishihara Shigemi Sugasawa Yusuke Matsuda Masao Mizuno 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(20):2014-2020
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the relationships between cognitively engaging exercise (i.e., game-based and coordination exercises), executive functions (i.e., inhibitory control and working memory), and physical fitness. Forty junior tennis players (6–12 years old), who regularly participated in tennis lessons (2.55 years, SD = 1.61) prior to the study, were investigated. All participants completed evaluations of executive functions (inhibitory control and working memory) at rest. The duration of each lessons’ instructional activities, including coordination training, game-based exercise, rallying, and non-physical activity (explanations and breaks), was recorded. Physical fitness was evaluated using the Tennis Field Test. A longer duration of game-based exercise was positively correlated with inhibitory control and physical fitness. Coordination training was associated with improved working memory. Non-physical activity was inversely correlated with inhibitory control, working memory, and physical fitness. The results suggest that game-based tennis lessons have beneficial effects on inhibitory control and physical fitness levels, and a longer duration of coordination training is associated with better working memory. The present study indicates that shortened non-physical activity time within a sports setting is associated with the development of executive functions and physical fitness. 相似文献
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Toru Ishihara Shigemi Sugasawa Yusuke Matsuda Masao Mizuno 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(8):1074-1083
This study evaluated the association between the frequency of tennis play and executive function in children and adolescents. One hundred and six junior tennis players (6–15 years old) participated in this study. Executive function, including inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility were evaluated at rest. Females showed better inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility than males. In males, more frequent tennis play was associated with higher basic processing speed and inhibitory control after controlling for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and tennis experience. More frequent tennis play was associated with better working memory in both males and females after controlling for age, gender, BMI, and tennis experience. Furthermore, longer tennis experience was related to better cognitive flexibility in males after controlling for age, gender, BMI, and frequency of tennis play. These findings suggest that tennis play is associated with the development of three foundational aspects of executive function (i.e. inhibitory control, working memory, cognitive flexibility). Especially, frequent participation in tennis play is related to better inhibitory control and working memory, while longer experience of tennis play is associated with better cognitive flexibility. Although development of inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility is slower in males than in females, the associations between tennis play and inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility appear to be larger in males than in females. 相似文献
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Yusuke Ishimura 《Public Services Quarterly》2013,9(1):20-33
Academic librarians are striving to better serve international students as this emerging population grows on university campuses. Past studies of international students generally focus on linguistic and cultural differences in relation to information literacy skills development. However, it is necessary to go beyond these factors to better serve the population. By using a framework based in information behavior research, the present study investigates the factors that mediate students' behavior and information literacy skills. Practical recommendations based on the findings of an in-depth qualitative study of students' research process are provided. 相似文献
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Drawing on research on both engagement in learning and approaches to learning, we examine the associations between international students’ approaches to learning, factors in the teaching/learning environment and self-assessed academic outcomes. A total of 307 students responded to our survey. Their experience of the purposefulness of their course assignments and the relevance of their studies was related to students having a deep approach to learning and being organised in their studies. Moreover, students applying a deep approach to learning and being organised in studying seemed to perceive their study success more positively. Furthermore, the better students’ perception of how well their courses were organised and aligned with other studies, the lower their stress level was. The Asian students in our study exhibited a slightly more surface approach to learning, and were more organised in their studies than the European students, but the differences were very small. 相似文献
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Kazuyuki Kitamura 《Higher Education》1997,34(2):141-150
Traditionally Japanese governments avoided as far as possible directinterference in higher education policy. In part this was due to concern notto infringe academic freedom and in part a reflection of the major effortbeing made to develop and expand education at the pre-higher educationstages. When demand for higher education did increase, it was readily met byexpanding the private sector.The debate on higher education generated by campus unrest in the late1960s led during the 1970s to discussion on the governance of highereducation and also to some new initiatives such as the creation of theUniversity of Tsukuba and the University of the Air. In the 1980s a newadvisory body, Daigakushin, was created and several new administrativemeasures introduced. Thus, by the 1990s, it could be said that highereducation had become an important policy issue in Japan.The article discusses the reform movement under the following headings:de-regulation and moves towards self-regulation; accountability; highereducation as an economic resource; and internationalization. Some furtherchallenges are reviewed, notably the impact of future demographic changewhen the relevant age cohorts decrease. This is all the more significantsince so much of the system relies on the private sector which is in turndependent on fee-income. The article also draws attention to evidence thatJapanese industry is changing its expectations of what higher educationshould be providing for its students. 相似文献