Book reviews     

Bernard D. Davis  Jack N. Barkenbus  Grahame Lock  Roy Porter  Malcolm Richardson  Norriss S. Hetherington 《Minerva》1992,30(1):101-126

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Self-control of task difficulty during training enhances motor learning of a complex coincidence-anticipation task     

Andrieux M  Danna J  Thon B 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2012,83(1):27-35

The aim of the present work was to analyze the influence of self-controlled task difficulty on motor learning. Participants had to intercept three targets falling at different velocities by displacing a stylus above a digitizer Task difficulty corresponded to racquet width. Half the participants (self-control condition) could choose the racquet width at the beginning of each trial. Each was paired with a participant from the yoked group. The self-control condition resulted in better performances and accuracy during immediate and delayed retention tests. These results confirm the advantage of a self-control condition on motor learning. They are discussed with reference to the challenge point hypothesis (Guadagnoli & Lee, 2004).  相似文献   

Dopaminerge Modulation striataler Plastizität     

Frieder Beck  Klaus Blischke  Birgit Abler 《Sportwissenschaft》2012,42(4):271-279

This article attempts to outline the neuronal foundations of movement automatization. In particular, it is shown that an increase in automaticity corresponds to processes of synaptic plasticity in the corticostriatal and corticocortical system. This mechanism is supposed to induce changes in the neuronal representations of the respective skill. Furthermore, the role of phasic dopamine release will be discussed with respect to its modulating effect on processes of plasticity.  相似文献   

Moving from blame to quality: how to respond to failures in child protective services     

Lachman P  Bernard C 《Child abuse & neglect》2006,30(9):963-968

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Interpreting student early departure from higher education through the lens of cultural capital     

Bernard Longden 《Tertiary Education and Management》2013,19(2):121-138

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ADMINISTRATIVE ROLES AND PERCEPTIONS OF GOVERNANCE IN THE COMMUNITY COLLEGE     

William D. Cohen  Bernard Bleha  Steven G. Olswang 《Community College Journal of Research & Practice》2013,37(4):303-321

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Resistance and Endurance: Harriet,The Irishman,and Movies About Indigestible History     

Bernard Beck 《Multicultural Perspectives》2020,22(1):12-16

Two current biopic movies, Harriet and The Irishman, present the life stories of real people who have been involved with slavery and organized crime. These images contradict the virtuous image of America that is fundamental to our sense of national identity and patriotism. Could this contradiction lead to oppositional movements for social change?  相似文献   

Teachers' self‐assessment of the effects of formative and summative electronic portfolios on professional development     

Robert J. Beck  Nava L. Livne 《欧洲师范教育杂志》2005,28(3):221-244

This study compared the effects of four electronic portfolio curricula on pre‐service and beginning teachers' self‐ratings of their professional development (n = 207), using a 34 item electronic Portfolio Assessment Scale (ePAS). Three formative portfolios, A, C and D, had teacher development as a primary objective and used participants' narrative reflections on students over a 2–3 month period. One summative portfolio, B, assessed teacher accountability through participants' analyses of professional teaching standards concerning students during 1–2 week teaching units. Factor analyses of the ePAS assessments for each portfolio and all four combined yielded the same five factors concerning professional outcomes: overall teacher development, including reflective skill (F1), an understanding of assessment roles (F2), an understanding of backwards planning (F3), the benefit of analyzing student work (F4) and the benefit of teacher peer collaboration (F5). For F1, F3 and F5 the means of the formative portfolios A, C and D were significantly higher than those of portfolio B. No differences were found among the portfolios concerning the benefits of analyzing student work (F4). The researchers concluded that formative portfolios that focused on teacher development better supported professional outcomes than did the summative accountability portfolio. It was concluded that portfolios should not be used for the summative accountability of teachers.

Dans cette étude nous avons comparé les effets de quatre programmes scolaires à portefeuille électronique sur les autocritiques que des enseignants débutants ont faites de leur développement professionnel (n = 207). Nous nous sommes servis d'une échelle d'évaluation à portefeuille électronique de 34 points (ePAS). L'objectif principal des trois portefeuilles formatifs A, B et D était le développement de l'enseignant. Pour y parvenir nous avons employé des réflexions narratives sur les élèves pendant une période de deux à trois mois. A travers un portefeuille sommaire, B, nous avons évalué la responsabilité des enseignants au moyen des analyses que les participants ont faites des normes de l'enseignement professionnel des unités d'apprentissage d'une à deux semaines. Nous avons conclu que les portefeuilles formatifs qui se concentraient sur le développement des enseignants ont mieux soutenu le rendement professionnel des jeunes enseignants.

Este estudio compara los efectos de cuatro portafolios electrónicos curriculares sobre las auto evaluaciones de profesores antes de que comiencen a ejercitar la enseñanza y de profesores que inician su desarrollo profesional (n = 207), utilizando 34 ítemes de la escala de Portfolio Assessment (Valorización de Portafolios) (ePAS). Tres portafolios formativos, A, C y D, tienen como objetivo principal el desarrollo de la enseñanza usando las reflexiones por escrito de los participantes sobre estudiantes en un período de dos a tres meses. En un portafolio de síntesis, B, se valora la responsabilidad de los profesores. Durante una unidad educacional de una a dos semanas, los participantes evalúan métodos de enseñanza y, a través de este análisis, valoran la responsabilidad de los profesores. Se concluye que los portafolios formativos que se enfocan en el desarrollo de la enseñanza facilitan de mejor manera el resultado del desarrollo de los profesionales jóvenes.

Diese Arbeit vergleicht die Wirkungen von vier Lehrplänen im Bereich elektronischer Portfeuilles auf die beruflichen Selbstbewertungen von werdenden und neueingetretenen Lehrkräften. Verwendet wird ein elektronisches Portfeuillewertungssystem (ePAWS) von 34 Punkten. Die Entwicklung der Lehrer ist die primäre Absicht von drei formativen Portfeuilles, A, C und D, in denen die Teilnehmer ihre Selbstbeobachtungen über zwei bis drei Wochen aufgeschrieben haben. Die Verantwortlichkeit von Lehren wird in einem zusammenfassenden Portfeuille B eingesschätzt, durch eine Beurteilung von lehrberuflichen Maßstaben der Teilnehmer in Bezug auf Studenten im Verlauf einer ein‐ bis zweiwöchigen Lehreinheit. Bewiesen wurde, daß die formativen Portefeuilles, die sich auf Lehrentwicklung konzentrierten, die Weiterentfaltung von neueingestiegenen Lehrkräften besser fördern.  相似文献   

Early Adverse Experiences and Repeated Wheezing From 6 to 30 Months of Age: Investigating the Roles of Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis Functioning,Child Sex,and Caregiving Sensitivity     

Allison Frost  Michelle Bosquet Enlow  Ashley J. Malin  Kristin Bernard  Rosalind J. Wright 《Child development》2021,92(6):e1260-e1274

This study examined associations among early adversity, diurnal cortisol, child sex, and caregiver sensitivity at age 6 months in relation to wheezing in children (47% male) followed to 30 months. Analyses included 676 mother-child dyads, 393 of whom completed an observational caregiver sensitivity measure. Participants were primarily ethnic minorities (42.7% Black, 25.4% Hispanic); 22.1% of children had ≥ 1 wheezing episode. Higher adversity was associated with increased wheeze frequency and blunted diurnal cortisol slope. The indirect effect of adversity on wheezing through cortisol slope was significant for females, but not males. Higher caregiver sensitivity was protective against wheezing for males, but not females, with high cortisol. Findings suggest complex associations among adversity, cortisol, child sex, and caregiver sensitivity in predicting wheezing.  相似文献   

科学博物馆与科学中心——演化路径与当代趋势          下载免费PDF全文

伯纳德·希尔  高秋芳 《自然科学博物馆研究》2016,1(4):79-89

将科学博物馆、科学中心、探索中心等互动型科学博物馆与中心统称为科学博物馆与科学中心(简称为SMC)。在澄清SMC内涵的基础上,按SMC的展示理念变迁将其发展的三个历史阶段划分为:技术史展示阶段,展示现代科学和增强科学知识阶段,促进科学大众化与知识扩散阶段。并在公众与科学技术新的互动社会与环境下,指出SMC面临的挑战,提出SMC向第四个阶段,即注重科学技术与社会的关系和尊重公众的主动地位阶段演进的趋势。在科学与社会互动的语境中全面思考科学博物馆与科学中心的定位与演进趋势。  相似文献