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41.
The purpose of the study was to develop an evidence-based method for identification and classification of wheelchair sports (rugby) activities and performance during a match using fractal dimensions. The approach involves five wheelchair rugby athletes of different classifications who were monitored during six different matches using mobile devices with in-built accelerometers. The linear acceleration signals were processed using two different approaches based on calculating fractal dimensions. One was based on Rényi’s entropy, which produced the probability dimension (S 0), and the other was based on Hausdorff’s definition, resulting in the Hausdorff dimension (D H). When both dimensions were individually plotted as cumulative distribution plots, they offered two approaches to analyze the performance of a wheelchair rugby athlete. Combining the two dimensions produced a two-dimensional (2D) mapping that identified five different activities of each athlete during a wheelchair rugby match—(1) no activities, (2) low activities, (3) high-speed coasting, (4) high-speed pushing, and (5) extreme collisions. In the 2D mapping, four boundary lines separate the five different activities, which produced a template for each athlete. It was found in this research that the classification and skill level of the athlete had an effect on the boundary line values that form the template. The outcome of the activity identification was also verified by comparing with video footage of the athletes. The method developed in this research has possible applications for coaching, match analysis, and talent identification. 相似文献
42.
The change in epistemological beliefs and beliefs about teaching and learning: a study among pre-service teachers 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Ching Sing Chai Timothy Teo Chwee Beng Lee 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education》2009,37(4):351-362
This study investigated the change in Singaporean pre-service teachers' epistemological beliefs and beliefs about learning and teaching over the course of a teacher preparation program. An online survey was administered during the first week of a nine-month program and the same survey was administered after the 413 participants had completed all their course work and teaching practice. Participants exhibited significant changes in epistemological beliefs and beliefs about learning and teaching – participants indicated more relativistic epistemological outlooks and less constructivism in beliefs about teaching. At the end of the teacher preparation program, they seemed to less value effort in learning and believed more in innate ability. 相似文献
43.
Recent education reform in China reflects the global trend of education policy borrowing from Anglophone countries such as the USA. The reform in China essentially advocates shifting from knowledge reproduction and didacticism to knowledge construction by students through a learner-centredness approach. Aware of the trend of borrowing policy from ‘Western’ countries, some educators in China use the proverb ‘the West wind has overpowered the East wind’ to describe this phenomenon. This paper examines the cultural factors that influence education policy borrowing in China by drawing upon Johnson’s metaphors of the ‘politics of selling’ and the ‘politics of gelling’. This paper argues that there exist fundamental cultural differences between Western and Chinese perspectives on the nature and transmission of knowledge that make education policy transfer in China challenging. This paper further proposes that China borrow education policy judiciously by integrating foreign and indigenous sources of knowledge, teaching and learning. 相似文献
44.
This paper describes a randomised controlled trial conducted with 10 secondary schools in England to evaluate the impact and feasibility of Fresh Start as an intervention to help new entrants with low prior literacy. Fresh Start is a synthetic phonics programme for small groups of pupils, here implemented three times per week over 22 weeks. The intervention was led by the schools themselves and assessed in cooperation with the independent evaluators. A group of 433 year 7 pupils (first year of secondary school) were identified by schools as having literacy attainment below “secure” KS2 level 4, and individually randomised to a treatment group or a waiting-list control. The pupils were assessed via GL’s New Group Reading Test. Missing data at pre- and post-test amounted to 3% of the total. The overall “effect” size in terms of gain scores from pre- to post-test was +0.24, and this was repeated in a sub-group analysis involving only FSM-eligible pupils. However, there was some imbalance between the two groups at the outset, and this must lead to a slight caution about the findings, and to some doubts about whether one or more schools unwittingly subverted the randomisation. Other than this, the aggregated trial shows that schools can conduct evaluations of their own interventions with firm guidance from experts, and under favourable conditions such as individual randomisation and lack of extended involvement by developers with a conflict of interests. 相似文献
46.
Eng‐Tat Ang Kapil Sugand Mikael Hartman Choon‐Sheong Seow Boon‐Huat Bay Peter Abrahams 《Anatomical sciences education》2012,5(4):C1-C1
A group of first year medical students at the Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine of the National University of Singapore study anatomy in the Anatomy Museum at this institution. Using an anatomical model, students discuss the extraocular muscles with their lecturers Drs. Boon‐Huat Bay (center) and Eng‐Tat Ang (third from left). In this issue of ASE, Dr. Ang and his colleagues review the past, present, and future of anatomy education in Singapore's three medical schools. 相似文献
47.
Kevin Luongo Angela Holton Ajeet Kaushik Paige Spence Beng Ng Robert Deschenes Shankar Sundaram Shekhar Bhansali 《Biomicrofluidics》2013,7(3)
In this paper, we report the design, fabrication, and testing of a lab-on-a-chip based microfluidic device for application of trapping and measuring the dielectric properties of microtumors over time using electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Microelectromechanical system (MEMS) techniques were used to embed opposing electrodes onto the top and bottom surfaces of a microfluidic channel fabricated using Pyrex substrate, chrome gold, SU-8, and polydimethylsiloxane. Differing concentrations of cell culture medium, differing sized polystyrene beads, and MCF-7 microtumor spheroids were used to validate the designs ability to detect background conductivity changes and dielectric particle diameter changes between electrodes. The observed changes in cell medium concentrations demonstrated a linear relation to extracted solution resistance (Rs), while polystyrene beads and multicell spheroids induced changes in magnitude consistent with diameter increase. This design permits optical correlation between electrical measurements and EIS spectra. 相似文献
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49.
K.J. Chua 《European Journal of Engineering Education》2014,39(5):556-572
This study aims to compare and evaluate the learning ability and performance differences between two groups of students undergoing project-based learning (PjBL), with one group having prior PjBL experience, while the other group is being freshly exposed to PjBL. More specifically, it examines if there are significant differences in knowledge score, problem-solving ability, and eventual project-deliverable outcomes between the two sets of students. Performances were compared via qualitative and quantitative analyses. Key findings have indicated a significant increase in fundamental formative knowledge; enhanced problem-solving abilities; and production of better performing artefacts with regard to the set of design skills between experienced and first-time PjBL groups. This study also highlighted that experienced PjBL students have less conflicts within their groups, and are more receptive to PjBL compared to first-time PjBL students. Results from this study provide a starting point for educators to seek new learning/facilitating strategies that are relevant based on the experience and learning styles of students. 相似文献
50.
An algorithm for constructing a black box model of the sinusoidal input/steady-state response behavior of nonlinear time-invariant systems over a set of frequencies and amplitudes is presented. It is assumed that the steady-state response is periodic of the same fundamental frequency as the excitation, and that the Fourier coefficients are continuous functions of amplitude and square-integrable functions of frequency. The algorithm converges, in a mean-square sense, to an exact representation of the first N harmonics of the steady-state response minus its d.c. component. The model constructed by the algorithm admits a relatively simple physical realization characterized by 2NM+1 linear dynamic elements, and N(2M+1)+1 nonlinear static elements. The underlying mathematical structure of the model is an orthogonal series expansion relative to time whose coefficients are themselves truncated orthogonal expansions relative to frequency. Here M, the number of harmonics used for frequency interpolation, is determined by the algorithm. Of the N(2M+1)+1 memoryless nonlinearities which characterize the model, N of these are specified ahead of time (Tchebysheff polynomials), and 2NM+1 are parameters which mold the representation to the specific system being modeled. Each of these functions of a single variable can be obtained in a pointwise manner directly from steady-state measurements. The algorithm was implemented on a digital computer, and forced versions of the classic equations of van der Pol and Duffing were run as examples. An additional analytic example of a frequency multiplier of prescribed bandwidth was also presented. 相似文献