A model for teaching parents of young hearing-impaired children total communication in the home--Project RITCH     

S Watkins  T C Clark 《American annals of the deaf》1988,133(4):289-293

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Correction to: Balancing the Environment: Computational Models as Interactive Participants in a STEM Classroom     

Pierson  Ashlyn E.  Brady  Corey E.  Clark  Douglas B. 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2020,29(1):120-120

Journal of Science Education and Technology - The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. The citation and bibliographic information of this reference is missing in the...  相似文献   

The Relationship of Content Characteristics of GRE Analytical Reasoning Items to Their Difficulties and Discriminations     

Clark L. Chalifour  Donald E. Powers 《Journal of Educational Measurement》1989,26(2):120-132

In actual test development practice, the number o f test items that must be developed and pretested is typically greater, and sometimes much greater, than the number that is eventually judged suitable for use in operational test forms. This has proven to be especially true for one item type–analytical reasoning-that currently forms the bulk of the analytical ability measure of the GRE General Test. This study involved coding the content characteristics of some 1,400 GRE analytical reasoning items. These characteristics were correlated with indices of item difficulty and discrimination. Several item characteristics were predictive of the difficulty of analytical reasoning items. Generally, these same variables also predicted item discrimination, but to a lesser degree. The results suggest several content characteristics that could be considered in extending the current specifications for analytical reasoning items. The use of these item features may also contribute to greater efficiency in developing such items. Finally, the influence of these various characteristics also provides a better understanding of the construct validity of the analytical reasoning item type.  相似文献   

A Classroom Study on the Relationship Between Student Achievement and Retrieval-Enhanced Learning     

Shana?K.?CarpenterEmail author  Terry?J.?S.?Lund  Clark?R.?Coffman  Patrick?I.?Armstrong  Monica?H.?Lamm  Robert?D.?Reason 《Educational Psychology Review》2016,28(2):353-375

Retrieval practice has been shown to produce powerful learning gains in laboratory experiments but has seldom been explored in classrooms as a means of enhancing students’ learning of their course-relevant material. Furthermore, research is lacking concerning the role of individual differences in learning from retrieval. The current study explored the effects of retrieval in a large undergraduate introductory biology course as a function of individual differences in student achievement. Students completed in-class exercises that required them to retrieve course information (e.g., recalling definitions for terms and labeling diagrams) followed by feedback or to simply copy the information without retrieving it. A later quiz over the information showed that high-performing students benefited more from retrieving than copying, whereas middle- and low-performing students benefited more from copying than retrieving. When asked to predict their quiz scores following the in-class exercises, high-performers demonstrated better overall metacognitive calibration compared to middle- or low-performers. These results highlight the importance of individual differences in learning from retrieval and encourage future research using course-relevant material to consider the role of student achievement in classroom-based interventions.  相似文献   

Sources of infant feeding information used by pregnant women          下载免费PDF全文

Chezem J  Friesen C  Clark H 《The Journal of perinatal education》2001,10(3):20-26

Selecting an infant feeding method is one of the most important decisions a mother-to-be makes. Little information is available to characterize women who plan to use both formula and breast milk. In this study, 89 pregnant women indicated their anticipated feeding method and the sources and initiator of infant feeding information. No differences were found in the type of resources used by women who planned to breastfeed, formula feed, or combination feed. Women in the study were four times more likely to initiate a conversation about infant feeding methods with a family member or friend than with a health care provider. Involving these key individuals in perinatal education classes and support programs is a simple, but powerful, strategy that childbirth educators can use to promote breastfeeding.  相似文献   

An exploratory study examining the influence of the number of reading methods courses on pre-service and in-service teacher perceptions of ability to teach reading     

Sarah Clark 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education》2016,44(2):125-141

Teacher education programmes (TEPs) are left with limited research on how the coursework they provide influences the perceptions teachers have about their ability to teach young children how to read – especially over the long term. The purpose of this study was to compare how teacher candidates rate their ability to teach reading at the conclusion of their TEP, and then again after a year of teaching. The matched participants (N = 126) were elementary education teachers representing five TEPs in one US state. Results revealed that the number of reading methods courses provided does influence the perceptions of pre-service and in-service teachers. Teachers who had two reading methods courses compared with teachers who had only one reading methods course reported statistically significant higher scores at the pre-service stage and were able to maintain higher scores at the in-service stage. Implications of these findings are discussed.  相似文献   

So,are early career researchers the harbingers of change?     

David Nicholas  Anthony Watkinson  Cherifa Boukacem‐Zeghmouri  Blanca Rodríguez‐Bravo  Jie Xu  Abdullah Abrizah  Marzena wigo&#x;  David Clark  Eti Herman 《Learned Publishing》2019,32(3):237-247

This article provides the final results of a 3‐year study that sought to discover whether early career researchers (ECRs) were the harbingers of change with respect to scholarly communications. Over a hundred science and social science ECRs from seven countries, spanning three continents, were depth‐interviewed annually for 3 years (2016–2018) about their attitudes and behaviours with respect to 23 scholarly issues and activities (aspects). In order to provide an accessible overarching assessment of an extremely large and complex dataset, the interview data were categorized according to the strength and direction of change exhibited and the trends and points of interest raised. Results show that all ECRs have changed in one way or another, and a small minority has changed greatly in both attitude and practice and that collaboration and research impact are the scholarly aspects where most changes have occurred, and the greatest cause of change is not so much new technology as a change of jobs.  相似文献   

Impact of intervening learning on resurgence in humans with Autism Spectrum Disorders     

Reed P  Clark C 《Learning & behavior》2011,39(2):163-170

In the present study, we investigated the degree to which responding would resurge in children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) following an intervening training period comprising different schedules of reinforcement. Twenty-four children of the ages 7–15, with a diagnosis of an ASD, were taught a play a sequence on a variable ratio- (VR) 3 schedule of reinforcement, during a 30-min session. The play sequence was then extinguished before the participants were taught a second play sequence, using a VR-4 schedule for 30 min, a VR-4 schedule for 60 min, or a VR-2 schedule for 30 min. A 5-min extinction session was then conducted to determine the impact that the intervening schedules had on the resurgence of the original behavior. The original sequence resurged to a greater extent for Group VR-4 30 min than it did for the other two groups. The results provide evidence that the length of time between initial training and testing is not a prime determinant of the level of resurgence, but that the amount of conditioning may play a stronger role: The greater the number of reinforcers received, the smaller the resurgence effect.  相似文献   

哥哥的心愿     

Dan  Clark  黄华斌 《中学生英语》2005,(12):12-13

我的一个朋友名叫保罗，圣诞节时，他的哥哥送了他一辆新车作礼物。圣诞节前夕，保罗离开办公室时。一个街头顽童绕着那辆闪闪发亮的新车。十分赞赏。  相似文献   

From opportunity to reality: transition into engineering education,trauma or transformation?     

Jane Andrews  Robin Clark  Graeme Knowles 《European Journal of Engineering Education》2019,44(6):807-820

ABSTRACT

Transition into university can prove to be a challenging time for young people entering engineering education, irrespective of previous educational experience or demographic background. It is such challenges that this article considers. Commencing by looking at the pragmatic issues associated with transition, the question of whether starting university is a time of transformation or trauma for new engineering students is discussed. Following this, a conceptual framework grounded in the authors previous work depicts a tripartite approach to transition, identifying three interlinked phases that new students typically encounter. The conclusion suggests that through the introduction of realistic and socially relevant engineering activities, transition into engineering education is the ideal time to turn opportunity into reality for new students.  相似文献