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Maja Schade F. A. Helledrandt Joan C. Waterland Marie L. Carns 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):461-471
Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess the role of exercise in reducing body weight in overweight college women and to compare the effect of two types of exercises, spot and generalized, on the physical contour of the overweight individual. The experimental program which included a uniform diet resulted in a slight but significant reduction of weight. Planimetric measurements of selected areas and linear transverse measures, obtained from preexercise and postexercise photographs, yielded evidence of reduction in body segments where fat accumulations had been most conspicuous, regardless of the type of exercise administered. 相似文献
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Through the example of a Danish reform of educational plans in early childhood education, this paper analyses the emergence of a new pedagogical desire related to administrative educational reforms promoting accountability, visibility and documentation. Two arguments are made: first, it is argued that the changes in administrative practices during the last decade constitute a transformation, but also a reproduction of relations between knowledge and governing that goes back to the big expansion of the welfare state. Second, it is argued that these relations between knowledge and governing are not restricted to the administrative practices, but are part of education and its humanistic legacy as well. As such, the administrative demand of documentation becomes possible and recognisable through its reproductive elements. Elements that are constituted in a transformative conjunction in which the ‘professional nursery teacher’ is produced as a reflective daily researcher, who outlives her pedagogical desire as an analytical care for the optimisation of the ‘learning child’. 相似文献
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Attrition of anatomy knowledge has been an area of concern in health professions curricula. To ensure safe and effective clinical practice, the study of chiropractic requires a good knowledge of musculoskeletal anatomy. In this study, musculoskeletal limb knowledge retention was investigated among students in the 5-year chiropractic program at Macquarie University, Australia. A test of 20 multiple-choice questions, categorized into low-order (LO) and high-order (HO) cognitive ability according to Bloom’s Taxonomy, was developed. Students enrolled in the program were invited to participate with 257 of the 387 choosing to participate, (response rate ranging 56%–72% per year level). No attrition of knowledge across the years was observed, instead, a significant increase in knowledge, measured by total LO and HO scores (P < 0.0005), throughout the program. There were significant increases in both low and high cognitive scores which were not uniform, with high-order scores increasing significantly in the last two year levels. The increase of knowledge, may be explained, at least partially, by the vertical and horizontal integrated curriculum. Retrieval of knowledge, especially in clinically applied formats, may have led to an enhanced ability to apply anatomy knowledge and account for the increased scores in the high-order knowledge seen in the later clinical years. Evaluating anatomy knowledge retention at different cognitive levels seems to provide a better assessment and is worth considering in future anatomy educational research. 相似文献
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Branimir Šverko Nataša Akik Toni Babarović Ana Bčina Iva Šverko 《International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance》2002,2(3):193-215
The paper provides data on the evaluation of an Internet-based system for self-directed career planning that has been developed
in Croatia. Rich in occupational information and career-management advice, this application also contains an interactive questionnaire
tapping the client's personal skills and interests. Based on the client's answers, the computer proposes an e-advice– a limited
set of occupations that match the users' individual characteristics. The evaluation utilized data gathered from a self-selected
sample of users (N = 2,064) and two smaller student samples. Apart from the users' satisfaction, the analyses explored various aspects of e-advice
validity: factor structure of users' self-assessments and expert occupational ratings, differences in e-advice given to different
groups of users, congruence with the classifications based on Holland's Self-Directed Search, and congruence with the advice
given by expert human counsellors. The analyses supported the validity of e-advice.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Developments in biology and genetics in recent decades have caused significant shifts in the understanding and conceptualization of human biological variation. Humans vary biologically in different ways, including individually, due to age, ancestry, and sex. An understanding of the complexities of all levels of biological variation is necessary for efficient health care delivery. Important steps in teaching medical students about human variation could be carried out in anatomy classes, and thus, it is important that anatomical education absorbs new developments in how biological variation is comprehended. Since the early 1990s biological sex in humans has been vigorously investigated by scientists, social scientists, and interest groups. Consequently, the binary division in male and female sex has been called into question and a more fluid understanding of sex has been proposed. Some of the major textbooks teach anatomy, particularly of the urogenital system, as a male-female binary. Anatomical sciences curricula need to adopt a more current approach to sex including the introduction of the category of “intersex”/“differences in sexual development” and present sex as a continuum rather than two sharply divided sets of characteristics. This approach offers a better understanding of the complexity of sex differences and, at the same time, provides students with an improved theoretical framework for understanding human variation in general, transcending the limitations of biological typology. When well delivered, the non-binary approach could play a significant contribution to the formation of competent and responsible medical practitioners and avoidance of problematic practices such as non-consensual “normalizing” surgeries. 相似文献