Chinese Bodies that Matter: The Search for Masculinity and Femininity     

Gladys Pak Lei Chong 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(3):242-266

This article is an inquiry of why such significance has been assigned to sports in general and the Olympics in particular in China. It looks at how history and politics intersect with gender. I explain how the historicity of China's traumatic past – how it fell prey to the western imperialists – has allowed the state to draw on the biopolitical discourse that links its subjects’ physical, mental and moral attributes to that of the survival and revival of a Chinese nation. This article examines the ways in which gender ideals/norms were inscribed onto the athletes’ bodies that helped exemplify China's nation-building project and its pursuit of modernity. My analysis focuses on the representation of their bodies, clothes and corporal expression. Three sets of male and female athletes of three different periods were examined: (1) Liu Changchun and Yang Xiuqiong, representing the Republican China; (2) Li Ning and Lang Ping, representing the post-opening up period; (3) Liu Xiang and Guo Jingjing, representing the global China. I argue that manliness and femaleness are cultural as well as political products produced according to the needs of the nation and the state at different historical moments; and both men and women carry their share of national burden.  相似文献   

The effect of carbohydrate and caffeine mouth rinsing on kicking performance in competitive Taekwondo athletes during Ramadan     

İbrahim Ethem Pak  Mutlu Cuğ  Stella L. Volpe 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(7):795-800

ABSTRACT

Mouth rinsing has been proposed as a strategy to minimize performance decrements during Ramadan. We investigated the effect of 4 weeks of Ramadan on kicking performance in 27 Taekwondo athletes performing weekly Taekwondo Anaerobic Intermittent Kick Tests (TAIKT). The effects of a placebo, 6.4% glucose and 6-mg/kg caffeine mouth rinses on TAIKT performance and perceived exertion were investigated before, during weekly training sessions, and after Ramadan in a counterbalanced, crossover design. Ramadan had a significant negative impact on the percentage of successful kicks in Week 1 of Ramadan (pre: 76.7±0.4%, Week 1: 69.9±3.2%). The percentage of successful kicks was significantly greater in the caffeine mouth rinse condition compared to the glucose and placebo conditions during the first 3 weeks of Ramadan (caffeine: 38.3±6.8%, glucose: 36.4±6.9%, placebo: 36.0±6.5%). Caffeine decreased perceived exertion during Ramadan (0.74-1.15 AU, p>0.05). Our results showed that Ramadan had a significant negative effect on repeated high-intensity kicking efforts that should be considered when training and competing. Additionally, there were significant positive effects of a caffeine mouth rinse in a sport-specific test. These data suggest that athletes can consider mouth rinsing as a strategy to enhance performance when undertaking training or competition during a period of privation.  相似文献   

Preschoolers’ and first graders’ reasons for liking or avoiding school     

İkbal Tuba Şahin-Sak 《Education 3-13》2013,41(8):889-905

ABSTRACT

This qualitative study examined 287 Turkish children's school experiences and sought to connect such experiences to their overall feelings about school. A semi-structured interview protocol derived from Ladd, Kochenderfer, and Coleman’s [1996. “Friendship Quality as a Predictor of Children’s Early School Adjustment.” Child Development 67 (3): 1103–1118] School Liking and Avoidance Questionnaire was used to collect data from the participants, who comprised 141 preschoolers and 146 first graders. Most members of both groups stated that school was fun, that they were happy when they were there, and that they felt happy about going to school in the morning. Most preschoolers and first graders also said that school did not make them feel like crying, and that they did not wish they could stay home from school or go somewhere else. However, slightly more than half the respondents stated that they felt happier when it was time to go home from school. Preschoolers tended to emphasise positive features of school such as toys, whereas first graders were more likely to talk about learning new things, and their in-school friendships.  相似文献   

The Island of Love/The Island of Conflict: Hospitality and Hostility of Turkish Cypriot Identity and Citizenship in North Cyprus     

Tuğrul İlter 《传播与批判/文化研究》2013,10(1):19-41

This paper deals with the hospitality and hostility of Turkish Cypriot identity in North Cyprus in its various configurations today. It contends that we become who we are by extending hospitality to different and differing representations of who we are like a name or a land, all the while being unable to reduce this differential relationship to a self-identical ipseity. This differential relationship is the origin of identity and not a singularly self-sufficient subjectivity inherited from a past history and culture. Using the alibi of an inheritance cannot hide our complicity in the production of that history and culture anew in the present. This shift in perspective opens “Turkish Cypriot identity” to its future becoming, hopefully to a future beyond ethnocentrism, towards a form of solidarity different from the border politics of a paternal hospitality like that of nation states.  相似文献   

Aspiring principals' perception of the challenges of beginning principals and the support that they need     

Pak Tee Ng 《Asia Pacific Journal of Education》2015,35(3):366-376

This paper presents the results of an exploratory research project about the perception of aspiring principals regarding the challenges of beginning principals and the support that they need. These aspiring principals are participants on the Leaders in Education Programme (LEP) in Singapore. According to the research findings, the LEP participants perceived that the main challenges they were likely to face if and when appointed as principals would be adapting to a new environment and role; working with staff and other stakeholders; and meeting the expectations of others while trying to live true to one's values. The support they felt they would need as beginning principals was a network of professional peers; guidance from an experienced mentor; and access to the expertise of academics and continuous professional development platforms. Interestingly, while Singapore appears to have a reputation for a focus on examination results and quality assurance measures, the participants hardly mentioned any challenges or need for support in these areas. The paper calls for a greater level of understanding and support for beginning principals in doing an increasingly demanding job in a highly complex environment.  相似文献   

Byzantine houses in Western Anatolia: an architectural approach     

İnci Türkoǧlu 《Al-Masaq: Islam & the Medieval Mediterranean》2004,16(1):93-130

The archaeology of the common people's houses of the Byzantine period (c. 400–1453) has been ignored to a great extent in Turkey, a country full of antiquities of every era of the existence of mankind. This article sets out to gather and present the archaeological evidence available in order to see the development of housing in western Anatolia during the Byzantine period. An attempt is made to see the differences and similarities between the houses of the same period in the rest of the Byzantine world then, based on available and accessible evidence.  相似文献   

Institutional Authority and Traces of Intergenerational Conflict     

İsmail Tufan  Sultan Kılıç  Nimet Tokgöz  Jürgen Howe 《Educational gerontology》2013,39(8):676-686

While society's level of education increases in a modernization process, the knowledge monopoly is taken over by the young. Increasing demand on knowledge attained through organized education leads to increasing power by the young. In the modernizing society of Turkey, this kind of struggle will occur between intellectual groups. Results of this study reveal a conflict between the elder generations granted institutional authority and the young population having the capability of seizing this authority. Obtained results demonstrate that there exist remarkable negative aspects in the attitudes of the university youth towards the institutional authority of the elderly. The importance of the study lies in the fact that it is the first study introducing the concept of “intergenerational conflict” to the sociological society of Turkey and, thus, paving the way to further research.  相似文献   

CURRICULUM ASSESSMENT: CONSTRUCTIVIST PRIMARY MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM IN TURKEY     

İsmet Şahin 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2010,8(1):51-72

Many national and international studies put forward the idea that primary education in Turkey is questionable in many aspects. As a result, the Ministry of National Education changed primary curriculums in 2004 in Turkey. The curriculum for primary mathematics was redeveloped taking into consideration constructivist theory of education. The purpose of this study is to assess the qualities of the 2004 mathematics curriculum using a goal-oriented curriculum evaluation model in which the intrinsic value of the curriculum is examined in terms of its qualities and success depending on teachers’ perspectives, as they are one of the most important elements of the teaching–learning situation. The results show that the qualities of the 2004 mathematics curriculum match the criteria of a constructivist curriculum as set out in the literature. Also, the level of performance expected from the teachers’ perspective as those who instruct in the curriculum is very high. The results point to the fact that the 2004 mathematics curriculum may be considered as a positive change even if there is room for improvement in all aspects.  相似文献   

The evolution and nature of school accountability in the Singapore education system   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Pak Tee Ng 《Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability》2010,22(4):275-292

This paper describes and examines the nature and evolution of school accountability in the Singapore Education System. In particular, the different facets of school accountability are examined through a theoretical framework comprising four relatively distinct concepts of accountability as performance reporting; as a technical process; as a political process; and as an institutional process. This paper also examines the issues and challenges faced by schools as they respond to the demands of school accountability.  相似文献   

A comparative study of the effects of a concept mapping enhanced laboratory experience on Turkish high school students’ understanding of acid-base chemistry     

Haluk Özmen  GÖkhan DemİrcİoĞlu  Richard K. Coll 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2009,7(1):1-24

The research reported here consists of the introduction of an intervention based on a series of laboratory activities combined with concept mapping. The purpose of this intervention was to enhance student understanding of acid-base chemistry for tenth grade students’ from two classes in a Turkish high school. An additional aim was to enhance student attitude toward chemistry. In the research design, two cohorts of students were compared; those from the intervention group (N = 31) and a second group (N = 28) who were taught in a more traditional manner. Student understanding of acid-base chemistry was evaluated with a pretest/posttest research design using a purpose-designed instrument, the Concept Achievement Test (CAT) consisting of 25 items, 15 multiple choice and ten multiple choice with explanation. Alternative conceptions identified in the pretest were incorporated into the intervention, which thereby sought to move students toward views more in accord with scientific views for the concepts. Statistical tests indicate the instrument is reliable (with an alpha reliability of 0.81) and the analysis of the findings revealed statistically significant differences between the intervention and traditional groups with respect to conceptual understanding. Examination of student explanations and analyses of semi-structured interviews conducted with selected students suggest that the main influence was the laboratory activities. Analysis of the findings in the context of relevant literature that concept mapping in conjunction with laboratory activities is more enjoyable, helps student link concepts, and reduces their alternative conceptions.  相似文献