Nonreinforced flavor exposure attenuates the effects of conditioned taste aversion on both flavor consumption and cue palatability     

Dominic Michael Dwyer  Patricia Gasalla  Matías López 《Learning & behavior》2013,41(4):390-401

Nonreinforced exposure to a cue tends to attenuate subsequent conditioning with that cue—an effect referred to as latent inhibition (LI). In the two experiments reported here, we examined LI effects in the context of conditioned taste aversion by examining both the amount of consumption and the microstructure of the consummatory behavior (in terms of the mean size of lick clusters). The latter measure can be taken to reflect affective responses to, or the palatability of, the solution being consumed. In both experiments, exposure to a to-be-conditioned flavor prior to pairing the flavor with nausea produced by lithium chloride attenuated both the reduction in consumption and the reduction in lick cluster sizes typically produced by taste aversion learning. In addition, we observed a tendency (especially in the lick cluster measure) for nonreinforced exposure to reduce neophobic responses to the test flavors. Taken together, these results reinforce the suggestion from previous experiments using taste reactivity methods that LI attenuates the effects of taste aversion on both consumption and cue palatability. The present results also support the suggestion that the failure in previous studies to see concurrent LI effects on consumption and palatability was due to a context specificity produced by the oral taste infusion methods required for taste reactivity analyses. Finally, the fact that the pattern of extinction of conditioned changes in consumption and in lick cluster sizes was not affected by preexposure to the cue flavors suggests that LI influenced the quantity but not the quality of conditioned taste aversion.  相似文献   

Orthography and the development of metalinguistic reflection in Portuguese primary school pupils / Ortografía y desarrollo de la reflexión metalingüística en alumnos portugueses en primaria     

Otília C. Sousa  José-António Costa  Marie Nadeau 《Cultura y Educación》2013,25(4):868-878

Abstract

Linguistic awareness is crucial in learning literacy. This project has a two-fold aim: to develop the students’ ability to think about language in order to write with accuracy and to lead teachers to promote students’ discussions about their writing difficulties. The study is part of a two-year action-research project developed in primary schools from the Lisbon area, with experimental and control groups. The starting point of the project was the analysis of the problems students of third and fourth grades showed in their writing. The scope of the project includes dictation tasks within an interactionist approach, favouring grammatical discussions leading to the observation and manipulation of linguistic data.  相似文献   

Introducción: La didáctica de las matemáticas en los 90     

Carmen Gómez 《Cultura y Educación》2013,25(11-12):7-10

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Construcción racional y autónoma de valores y habilidades sociales     

Silvia López 《Cultura y Educación》2013,25(15):93-98

La enseñanza de las habilidades sociales requiere el uso de diversas técnicas y procedimiento. En este artículo se relacionan las más directamente implicadas en un currículum de educación moral orientado hacia el desarrollo de la autonomía. Se propone una actividad para el primer ciclo de Educación Primaria. Además, se ofrecen prototipos de actividades para otros tramos educativos.  相似文献   

Los audiovisuales en la educación     

Lola Abelló  Pablo Del Rio 《Cultura y Educación》2013,25(14)

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La ética: Polémica en el curriculum escolar     

Isabel Carrillo  Silvia López  Montserrat Payá 《Cultura y Educación》2013,25(15):19-23

Se analiza a continuación la polémica generada en torno a la educación moral y cívica a lo largo de las últimas décadas y, en especial, la derivada de la LOGSE al dotar a la Etica de un carácter transversal generando nuevos planteamientos y perspectivas que procuran su mayor sistematización en el curriculum escolar.  相似文献   

First‐Generation Undergraduate Students' Social Support,Depression, and Life Satisfaction     

Sharon Rae Jenkins  Aimee Belanger  Melissa Londoño Connally  Adriel Boals  Kelly M. Durón 《Journal of College Counseling》2013,16(2):129-142

First‐generation undergraduate students face challenging cross‐socioeconomic cultural transitions into college life. The authors compared first‐ and non‐first‐generation undergraduate students’ social support, posttraumatic stress, depression symptoms, and life satisfaction. First‐generation participants reported less social support from family and friends, more single‐event traumatic stress, less life satisfaction, and marginally more depression symptomatology than non‐first‐generation participants, but significant generation–gender interactions showed first‐generation women doing worse and first‐generation men doing better than others.  相似文献   

Granite desalination using electromigration. Influence of type of granite and saline contaminant     

Jorge Feijoo  Xosé Ramón Nóvoa  Teresa Rivas  María Jesús Mosquera  Javier Taboada  Cristina Montojo  Fernando Carrera 《Journal of Cultural Heritage》2013,14(5):365-376

We describe the results of electromigration desalination of two soluble salt-contaminated Galician granites. The efficacy of electromigration, which had not been previously applied to granite, was assessed for two types of granite contaminated with a 20% NaCl solution and seawater. Desalination effectiveness was evaluated as follows: (1) analysis of anode and cathode ion content during testing; (2) analysis of ions at different distances from the electrodes after testing; (3) pH assessment of the stone surfaces; and (4) evaluation of colour changes. Results were very satisfactory; by the end of testing, chloride was reduced by almost 100% in both the NaCl and seawater contaminated samples. Sulfate reduction was also significant, despite this ion's lower mobility. The granite pH values remained close to neutral and colour changes were minimal. The difference in effectiveness of the process for the two types of stone was associated with their dissimilar pore structure.  相似文献