Attenuation by contextual cues of retroactive interference of a conditional discrimination in rats     

Ward A. Rodriguez  Louis S. Borbely  Ronald S. Garcia 《Learning & behavior》1993,21(2):101-105

We investigated the effect of associating unique contextual cues with an interpolated learning task on retroactive interference in long-term memory. Rats were originally trained in a two-bar operant chamber with an auditory conditional discrimination stimulus. During interpolated learning, which occurred in either the original or a new context, some rats were trained on a probability learning task that did not include the auditory stimuli present during original learning. Subsequent retraining on the original conditional discrimination task in the original context showed that (1) significant retroactive interference occurs in rats, and (2) the presence of unique contextual cues during interpolated learning significantly reduces this interference. These results extend the conditions under which the susceptibility to retroactive interference can be altered by contextual cues.  相似文献   

Longitudinal Trajectories,Social and Individual Antecedents,and Outcomes of Problematic Internet Use Among Late Adolescents     

István Tóth-Király  Alexandre J.S. Morin  Lauri Hietajärvi  Katariina Salmela-Aro 《Child development》2021,92(4):e653-e673

Given the detrimental effects associated with problematic internet use (PIU) and the need to better understand its nature and evolution, the present study examined the development of PIU in a sample of 1,750 adolescents (aged 16–19) from Finland over a 3-year period. We documented the social (loneliness, perceived maternal and paternal behaviors) and individual (sex) antecedents, as well as the outcome implications (depressive symptoms, substance use, academic achievement) of PIU trajectories. Outcomes also predicted PIU trajectories. Latent curve modeling revealed an initially moderate, and subsequently decreasing trajectory of PIU. PIU was predicted by loneliness, paternal neglect, maternal care, depressive symptoms, and being male. In turn, PIU trajectories predicted increases in depressive symptoms and substance use, but decreases in academic achievement.  相似文献   

Layers of Influence: Exploring Institutional- and State-Level Effects on College Student Views Toward Access to Public Education for Undocumented Immigrants     

Juan C. Garibay  Felisha A. Herrera  Marc P. Johnston-Guerrero  Gina A. Garcia 《Research in higher education》2016,57(5):601-629

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Systematic Evaluation of Professional Performance: Legally Supported Procedure and Process     

Stella Beatriz Kerl  John L. Garcia  C. Sue McCullough  Melissa Elaine Maxwell 《Counselor Education & Supervision》2002,41(4):321-332

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Effect of taste preexposure on taste and odor aversions     

Mark D. Holder  Matthew Leon  Raz Yirmiya  John Garcia 《Learning & behavior》1987,15(1):55-61

Thirsty Sprague-Dawley rats drank flavored water in a wind tunnel prior to lithium-induced toxicosis. Flavors were presented for 5 min; 30 min later a toxin, lithium chloride, was injected. After the rats had recovered, subsequent aversions to the taste and the odor were assessed separately. In Experiment 1, extensive preexposure to the taste component of the flavor attenuated neophobia to the flavor and the subsequent taste aversion. However, the subsequent odor aversion was unaffected. Experiment 2 partially replicated the results of Experiment 1 and showed that, in a situation in which only taste-potentiated odor aversions are usually found, nonpotentiated aversions were evident. Experiment 3 found that, in addition to attenuating taste aversions, taste preexposure enhances the capacity of rats to learn nonpotentiated odor aversions. The results are interpreted with a neural-based model of conditioned flavor aversions.  相似文献   

Evaluating student allocation in the Portuguese public higher education system     

Miguel Portela  Nelson Areal  Carla Sá  Fernando Alexandre  João Cerejeira  Ana Carvalho  Artur Rodrigues 《Higher Education》2008,56(2):185-203

This paper characterizes and evaluates the student allocation in the Portuguese public higher education system. It describes the supply and demand sides of the system by looking at the numerus clausus across areas of study and institutions, institutions’ degree of diversity, and performance and adjustment indicators based on students’ revealed preferences. Performance indicators quantify the adequacy between demand and supply, across institutions and fields of study, and gauge the performance of public higher education institutions in the competition for candidates. Adjustment indicators allow us to predict the potential impact of changes in higher education regulations on student allocation and its stability. According to these indicators, such changes could result in an expansion for some institutions and fields of study, whereas other institutions might face a reduction.

Carla SáEmail:

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GRADE SKIPPING: SOME GERMAN EXPERIENCES     

Tania M. Prado  Wolfgang Schiebel 《High Ability Studies》1995,6(1):60-72

After many years of neglect, the subject of giftedeness as a topic of research has once again received more attention in German speaking countries since the end of the 1970s. The somewhat hesitant, systematic study of highly gifted children and adolescents, especially the question of how to identify and encourage them, was accompanied over the years by controversial and exhaustive educational policy debates. Emphasis on aspects such as equality of opportunity and elitist education has, inter alia, contributed considerably to the fact that the interests of gifted children–even if discussions have aroused increasing public interest, i.e. discussion of giftedness has became socially acceptable — have only slowly begun to be emphasized. It is probably for this reason that little attention has been paid to grade skipping. The students in the present study who skipped a grade coped as a group quite well with work in the higher grade, depite a low level of support from the schools.  相似文献   

Trapped between justified anger and being the strong Black woman: Black college women coping with racial battle fatigue at historically and predominantly White institutions     

Nicola A. Corbin  William A. Smith  J. Roberto Garcia 《International journal of qualitative studies in education》2018,31(7):626-643

Using the unique form of a composite counterstory culled from the experiences of 13 Black women at historically and predominantly White colleges and universities in a Western U.S. state, this paper explores the psychological tensions and silencing Black college women face as they navigate social constructions of their selfhood under a White gaze. This study centers these Black women’s voices through a tradition of storytelling and examines the ways they try to carve their own place by often engaging liberating, yet repressive, historically constructed STRONGBLACKWOMAN imagery to counteract equally silencing Angry Black Woman imagery. The historically and predominantly White institutional spaces within which these women study, live, and play exacerbate this tension, propelling them to model and rely upon stereotypically ‘positive’ representations of Black womanhood to deal with the pain of microaggressions. Altogether, these factors create instances of enhanced racial battle fatigue.  相似文献   

跟着图画学英语     

Garcia  Asher 《英语沙龙》2011,(2)

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The Role of Campus Support,Undocumented Identity,and Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals on Civic Engagement for Latinx Undocumented Undergraduates     

Dalal Katsiaficas  Vanessa Volpe  Syeda S. Raza  Yuliana Garcia 《Child development》2019,90(3):790-807

This study examined civic engagement in a sample of 790 undocumented Latinx undergraduates (aged 18–30). The relations between social supports (campus safe spaces and peer support) and civic engagement and whether a strong sense of undocumented identity mediated this relation were examined. Competing statistical models examined the role of participants' status (whether or not they received temporary protection from deportation with Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals [DACA]) in this mediational process. Results revealed that having a strong identification with being undocumented mediated the role of social supports on civic engagement in the overall sample, and that this process was specifically important for those with DACA status. The intersection of policies such as DACA and the lived experiences of Latinx undocumented college students are discussed.  相似文献