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41.
Arne Güllich 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(12):1347-1355
The study examined the “micro-structure” of football practice and the “macro-structure” of participation history of female professional football players. Participants were 29 German 1st league (Bundesliga) players, 14 of whom played on the senior national team (Olympic Champion in 2016). A questionnaire recorded the players’ positions, proportions of physical conditioning, drill-type skill exercises and playing forms within coach-led football practice, and the volume of coach-led practice and peer-led play, in both football and other sports, from childhood to adulthood. Analyses revealed that most athletes played various attacker and defender positions during development. National team players differed from their Bundesliga peers by less physical conditioning and greater proportions of playing forms within football practice. National team players also accumulated less total football practice until age 18 years, but more peer-led football and coach-led practice in other sports compared to their Bundesliga counterparts. Based on these variables, a binary logistic regression classified 93% of the national team and Bundesliga players correctly. Conclusion: A combination of long-term coach-led football practice involving a relatively large proportion of playing forms with considerable childhood/adolescent peer-led football play and coach-led practice in other sports may have facilitated adult performance among German female world-class football players. 相似文献
42.
Michael Mutz Johannes Müller Arne Göring 《Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Learning》2019,19(1):56-66
Research provided ample evidence that excessive screen time (ST) in adolescence has detrimental effects on psychosocial health. This paper argues that structured outdoor programs can serve as an antidote to negative health impacts of exaggerated ST. For youth with a high level of regular ST, outdoor adventures imply a break with their ‘normal’ (mediatized) lifestyle, so that greater progress in mental health can potentially arise. This hypothesis is tested in a sample of adolescents, who took part in a 10-day outdoor program. Pre-to-post program mean comparisons for stress, hedonic balance and life satisfaction show significant positive changes. However, benefits of the program are markedly greater among youths with a high level of daily ST compared to youths with low-to-moderate levels. 相似文献
43.
The authors present the results of personal interviews with several practicing pediatricians relative to their information about speech disorders and their disposition of speech defective children presented to them. 相似文献
44.
Gjesme, Torgrim (1971). Motive to Achieve Success and Motive to Avoid Failure in Relation to School Performance for Pupils of Different Ability Levels. Scand. J. educ. Res. 00, 81‐99. Subjective probability of success (Ps) has been a neglected factor in studies regarding the relationships between achievement‐related motives and performance. Taking this factor into account, we expected that in a traditional classroom in which ability is heterogeneous, only pupils of average ability would have their achievement‐related motives aroused. The very bright pupil would not have his motives aroused, while the dull one would have his motive to avoid failure (Mf) aroused, but not his motive to achieve success (M,). The pattern of our results was in consonance with the hypotheses for boys in 7th grade. 相似文献
45.
Arne H. Krumsvik 《Journalism Practice》2018,12(1):19-31
This article provides insight into the strategic priority of various approaches towards user involvement and how these are changing over time. A longitudinal series of surveys studying prioritizations among editorial staff identify a redefinition of user involvement in digital media: from 2012 to 2015 the role of users has been reframed from co-producers to distributors. This indicates that promotion and business development gain prominence at the expense of the traditional focus on user participation to ensure media’s social role. At the same time, the approaches increasing in importance are those least likely to challenge the traditional understanding of journalists’ professional role. 相似文献
46.
Voluntary work is regarded as a learning environment which facilitates character development and skills acquisition in adolescents. Based on a sample of young adults who completed a year of voluntary work in the social sector, this study investigates whether a volunteer service is accompanied by personality development, networking opportunities as well as amplified cognitive, social, and personal competencies. It is further investigated to what extent the potential for learning and personality development is shaped by the field of activity in which subjects are involved. To this end, this study analyzes retrospective self-ratings of volunteers. The findings indicate that voluntary work is linked to a variety of positively evaluated developmental changes regarding personality and skills. Moreover, the results reveal pronounced differences between different fields of activity. Four domains within the non-profit sector are described and analyzed, with each domain relating to a distinct horizon of experience and unique learning opportunity. These four domains are care and ministration, ambulance and rescue service, education and culture, and sport and exercise. 相似文献
47.
This article argues that features of the writing process have to be analysed in relation to describable linguistic structures of the written text. Activities before writing, distributions of writing pauses, and the structure of think-aloud-protocols indicate that planning processes are determined by the writers knowledge of the grammatical system. The role of syntactical structures, text-patterns (registers) and the auditive component of pre-texts is analysed. 相似文献
48.
We evaluated the effect of morphological awareness training delivered in preschool (8 months before school entry) on reading ability at the end of grade 1 and 5 years later (in Grade 6). In preschool, one group of children received morphological awareness training, while a second group received phonological awareness training. A control group followed the ordinary preschool curriculum. The comparison between each training condition and the control condition is quasi experimental, whereas the comparison between the morphological and phonological treatments is randomized at group level. In Grade 1 children in the morphological awareness training group had significantly higher scores than children in the control group on both word reading and text reading measures, but no differences were found between the experimental groups. In Grade 6 children in the morphological awareness training group had significantly higher scores compared with the control group on a latent measure of reading comprehension, whereas the children in the phonological awareness training group did not differ from the controls; although the experimental groups did not differ significantly from each other. The results suggest that early training in morphological awareness can have long-term effects on children’s literacy skills. 相似文献
49.
Arne Mastekaasa 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》2005,26(3):375-394
Despite strong trends in most Western countries towards gender equality in educational attainments, men are still considerably more likely to obtain doctoral degrees. Using data comprising nearly all students graduating from Norwegian universities during 1981–1996, separate event history analyses are carried out of recruitment to and completion of doctoral studies. Multilevel models are used to take both differences among individuals and among educational fields into account. With regard to recruitment, a moderate gender difference is partly accounted for by men’s higher grades. Children have no impact for either gender. The remaining gender difference could be due to discrimination, but the fact that this difference is not larger in predominantly male fields is an argument against this. There is no overall gender difference in completion probabilities. Men, however, seem more likely to drop out of their studies in applied fields, probably due to attractive opportunities in the non‐academic labour market. 相似文献
50.
Arne Jakobsen 《European Journal of Engineering Education》2007,32(3):295-301
An essential difficulty in solving practical problems that are not like the ones a student has solved before is discerning the core of the problem. It is claimed that discernment has to be trained by variation—by varying the context of the assignments in which students have to identify and grasp their “underlying form”. A decisive challenge in engineering education—and also medicine, veterinary and pharmacy—is that there are many and very different kinds of subjects students study, some with thoroughly scientific content, others centred on more practical knowledge. How to provide a coherent program keyed on discernment? Another challenge is what's required to apply theory to practice; i.e. theory needs to be restructured and often integrated with parts of other theories and with more practical knowledge before it can be applied in real-life problem solving. What we propose is to let the variation of assignments transcend subject borders. Give assignments in the same subject that vary in context, e.g. from theoretical and “closed” to practical and “open”. And give assignments in different subjects embodying the same concept, principle or method, thus training discernment and at the same time demonstrating relations between theoretical and more practical subjects. 相似文献