Collaborative bibliography     

David G. Hendry  J.R. Jenkins  Joseph F. McCarthy 《Information processing & management》2006

A bibliography is traditionally characterized by the judgments, bounded by explicit selection criteria, made by a single compiler. Because these criteria concern the attributes ascribed to a work and the needs of readers, bibliographic work is largely conceptual even across technological eras and domains. Yet, the development of networked information services, made possible by WWW infrastructure, has enabled very large numbers of people to discover, organize, and publish information, including bibliographies. Indeed, bibliographies, or at least bibliography-like artifacts, are a common genre of website, often published by people without specialized skills in information organization who follow non-rigorous selection procedures. Nevertheless, even if the items from these lists are poorly selected and described, this publishing activity is fundamentally important because it structures information locally, creating a patchy network of secondary access points. In turn, these access points enable information discovery, the formation and development of communities of interest, the estimation of document relevance by search engines, and so on. In sum, this activity, and the enabling technical infrastructure, invites bibliographies to take on new interactive possibilities. The aim of this article is to extend the traditional view of bibliography to encompass collaborative possibilities for wide, or narrow, participation in the shaping of bibliographies and the selection of items. This is done by examining the nature of bibliography on the Web, by proposing a conceptual model that opens bibliography to participatory practices, and by discussing a case study where a team sought to develop a bibliography of electronic resources. This examination reveals splendid opportunities for expanding the notion of bibliography with participatory policies while remaining true to its ancient roots.  相似文献   

Judicious imitation: children differentially imitate deterministically and probabilistically effective actions     

Schulz LE  Hooppell C  Jenkins AC 《Child development》2008,79(2):395-410

Three studies look at whether the assumption of causal determinism (the assumption that all else being equal, causes generate effects deterministically) affects children's imitation of modeled actions. These studies show even when the frequency of an effect is matched, both preschoolers (N = 60; M = 56 months) and toddlers (N = 48; M = 18 months) imitate actions more faithfully when modeled actions are deterministically rather than probabilistically effective. A third study suggests that preschoolers' (N = 32; M = 58 months) imitation is affected not just by whether the agent's goal is satisfied but also by whether the action is a reliable means to the goal. Children's tendency to generate variable responses to probabilistically effective modeled actions could support causal learning.  相似文献   

Book reviews     

Robert Heinich  Vincent Lanier  John A. Carpenter  Herbert I. Schiller  Donald D. Jensen  Carl E. Helm  James Russell  A. Thiagarajan  Arthur Babick 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》1969,17(3):327-342

  相似文献   

Re‐thinking case study: notes from the second Cambridge Conference     

Clem Adelman  David Jenkins  Stephen Kemmis 《Cambridge Journal of Education》1976,6(3):139-150

  相似文献   

CREATIVE INTELLIGENCE: A CONCEPT OF TRUE’ GIFTEDNESS     

Arthur J. Cropley 《High Ability Studies》1994,5(1):6-23

Recent years have seen substantial changes in the conceptualization of giftedness: incorporation of gifts in areas other than those emphasized in school, emphasis on qualitative aspects (patterns and structures rather than levels) and acceptance of the importance of noncognitive factors in giftedness (e.g., motivation, self‐image, feelings). A further broadening has involved steadily increasing emphasis on creativity, which is seen as interacting with conventional intelligence to yield “true” giftedness. Creativity itself involves both cognition and noncognitive factors such as emotion, motivation and social influences. Fostering of giftedness requires encouragement of creativity, and especially of intense interest, prolonged effort, the feeling of not being alone and the joy of achieving.  相似文献   

Personality development and the college experience     

Arthur W. Chickering  John McCormick 《Research in higher education》1973,1(1):43-70

Studies of freshman-senior data on undergraduates show that, despite major differences among institutions and students, the direction of net change was basically the same in several diverse colleges. Institutional freshmen means spanned a wide range, yet students became more autonomous, more aware, more integrated, more aesthetically sensitive, more tolerant, more liberal in religious views, and less concerned about material possessions. Although all students tended to change in the same direction at all colleges, they did not become more similar; diversity increased for the total group and, more often than not, diversity increased within each college.When sub-groups of similar students were examined within institutions, different patterns of change appeared, and were systematically related to such factors as college climate, student characteristics, teaching practices and study activities, and student-faculty relationships. Thus, differential change occurred as a function of institutional fit. When there is a close fit change proceeds along lines indicated by cultural and genetic forces and is consistent among diverse colleges. Where there is a misfit — students who have not developed to the general level at which a college operates, or whose development has gone beyond the operating level of a college — significant changes occur which are strongly associated with varied college characteristics and educational practices.The research reported here was supported by NIMH Grant #MH14780-05  相似文献   

Which Techno-mathematical Literacies Are Essential for Future Engineers?     

van der Wal  Nathalie J.  Bakker  Arthur  Drijvers  Paul 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2017,15(1):87-104

Due to increased use of technology, the workplace practices of engineers have changed. So-called techno-mathematical literacies (TmL) are necessary for engineers of the 21st century. Because it is still unknown which TmL engineers actually use in their professional practices, the purpose of this study was to identify these TmL. Fourteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with engineers with a background in different educational tracks in higher professional education (e.g. civil, chemical, biotechnical and mechanical engineering). As a result of the data analysis, 7 commonly used TmL are identified: data literacy, technical software skills, technical communication skills, sense of error, sense of number, technical creativity and technical drawing skills. Engineers also noted a discrepancy between their education and workplace needs; they characterized mathematics in their education as an island with limited relevance. These findings lead to recommendations for the future of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) in higher technical professional education that can help students learn STEM for the future.  相似文献   

Affect and learning: An exploratory look into the role of affect in learning with AutoTutor     

Scotty Craig  Arthur Graesser  Jeremiah Sullins  Barry Gholson 《Learning, Media and Technology》2004,29(3):241-250

The role that affective states play in learning was investigated from the perspective of a constructivist learning framework. We observed six different affect states (frustration, boredom, flow, confusion, eureka and neutral) that potentially occur during the process of learning introductory computer literacy with AutoTutor, an intelligent tutoring system with tutorial dialogue in natural language. Observational analyses revealed significant relationships between learning and the affective states of boredom, flow and confusion. The positive correlation between confusion and learning is consistent with a model that assumes that cognitive disequilibrium is one precursor to deep learning. The findings that learning correlates negatively with boredom and positively with flow are consistent with predictions from Csikszentmihalyi's analysis of flow experiences.  相似文献   

Special education and the regular education initiative: basic assumptions   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

J R Jenkins  C G Pious  M Jewell 《Exceptional children》1990,56(6):479-491

The regular education initiative (REI) is a thoughtful response to identified problems in our system for educating low-performing children, but it is a not a detailed blueprint for changing the system. Educators must achieve consensus on what the REI actually proposes. The authors infer from the REI literature five assumptions regarding the roles and responsibilities of elementary regular classroom teachers, concluding that these teachers and specialists form a partnership, but the classroom teachers are ultimately in charge of the instruction of all children in their classrooms, including those who are not succeeding in the mainstream. A discussion of the target population and of several partnership models further delineates REI issues and concerns.  相似文献   

Book reviews     

Stacy Churchill  Jacques Hallak  Arthur Gillette 《Prospects》1977,7(2):309-316

  相似文献