Sprint mechanical properties in soccer players according to playing standard,position, age and sex     

Thomas A. Haugen  Felix Breitschädel  Stephen Seiler 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(9):1070-1076

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to quantify possible differences in sprint mechanical outputs in soccer according to soccer playing standard, position, age and sex. Sprint tests of 674 male and female players were analysed. Theoretical maximal velocity (v₀), horizontal force (F₀), horizontal power (P_max), force-velocity slope (S_FV), ratio of force (RF_max) and index of force application technique (D_RF) were calculated from anthropometric and spatiotemporal data using an inverse dynamic approach applied to the centre-of-mass movement. Players of higher standard exhibited superior F₀, v₀, P_max, RF_max and D_RF scores (small to large effects) than those of lower standard. Forwards displayed clearly superior values for most outputs, ahead of defenders, midfielders and goalkeepers, respectively. Male >28 y players achieved poorer v₀, P_max and RF_max than <20, 20–24 and 24–28 y players (small to moderate), while female <20 y players showed poorer values than 20–24 and >24 y players for the same measures (small). The sex differences in sprint mechanical properties ranged from small to very large. These results provide a holistic picture of the force-velocity-power profile continuum in sprinting soccer players and serve as useful background information for practitioners when diagnosing individual players and prescribing training programmes.  相似文献   

Reseñas     

Pablo del Río  M.a Puy Pérez Echevarría 《Infancia y Aprendizaje》2013,36(33):137-140

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Las ideas de los alumnos sobre la ciencia como teorías implícitas     

Juan Ignacio Pozo  Maria del Puy Pérez  Angeles Sanz  Margarita Limón 《Infancia y Aprendizaje》2013,36(57):3-21

Resumen

Durante los últimos años, los trabajos sobre el aprendizaje de las ciencias han estado dominados por dos enfoques contrapuestos: la teoría piagetiana de las operaciones formales y el enfoque de las ideas previas o concepciones alternativas. Frente a estos dos enfoques los autores proponen una alternativa intermedia basada en el concepto de «teorías implícitas». Estas teorías serían teorías personales que, como las teorías científicas, sirven para organizar y predecir el mundo circundante. No obstante, presentan también características muy diferentes de las teorías científicas tanto en lo referente a su contenido como a su organización. Estas diferentes características tienen, como se expone en el artículo, importantes consecuencias tanto para la investigación como para la práctica educativa.  相似文献   

El momento de Vygotski: el porqué de un homenaje     

Amelia Alvarez  Pablo del Río 《Infancia y Aprendizaje》2013,36(27-28):1-6

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Ideas,interacción,ambiente educativo y desarrollo: informe preliminar     

Jesús Palacios  María del Mar González  María del Carmen Moreno 《Infancia y Aprendizaje》2013,36(39-40):159-169

Resumen

Se presenta en este trabajo un informe preliminar de una investigación longitudinal en la que las ideas evolutivo-educativas son evaluadas a lo largo del tiempo y se ponen en relación con las interacciones que 70 parejas (maridos y esposas) desarrollan con sus hijos de alrededor de 22 meses en situaciones diversas; se analiza también la relación con la estructuración del entorno físico y social del hogar, así como con el desarrollo del niño. Se han encontrado relaciones positivas entre las diferentes clases de padres definidos por sus ideas y las variables dependientes examinadas (contenidos de las interacciones, estimulación del hogar, desarrollo del niño).  相似文献   

An easy-to-hard effect after nonreinforced preexposure in a sweetness discrimination     

María del Carmen Sanjuán  James Byron Nelson  Gumersinda Alonso 《Learning & behavior》2014,42(3):209-214

Experiments 1A and 1B used a taste-aversion procedure with rats to demonstrate that exposure to easily discriminated flavors along a dimension (1 % and 10 % sucrose) can facilitate learning a subsequent hard discrimination (4 % and 7 % sucrose) when one of those flavors is paired with illness. Experiment 1A compared the effects of preexposure to the easily discriminated flavors against exposure to the same stimuli used in the discrimination training or no exposure at all. Experiment 1B replicated the conditions in Experiment 1A, with 2 additional days of training and unrestricted access to the flavors on CS+/CS– trials in discrimination training. Contrary to findings with multidimensional stimuli (Scahill & Mackintosh, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 30, 96–103, 2004; Suret & McLaren, The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 56B, 30–42, 2003), we found that preexposure to the easily discriminable stimuli varying along a single dimension of sweetness facilitated subsequent discrimination training over the other conditions in each experiment. We discuss the results in terms of the ideas presented by Gibson (1969) and Mackintosh (Psychological Review, 82, 276–298, 1975) and in terms of hedonic variables not considered by theories of perceptual learning.  相似文献   

Too Many Chosts     

Frances Ann Ladd Duendes del Sur 《英语大王(小学)》2014,(10):4-5

it was a dark night. Shaggy and his dog Scooby hid （躲藏）behind a tree. ＂Look! There are two ghosts （鬼） and three witches （女巫） !＂ said Shaggy.  相似文献   

The Aula EspaZio Gela and the Master of Space Science and Technology in the Universidad del País Vasco (University of the Basque Country)     

Agustín Sánchez-Lavega  Santiago Pérez-Hoyos  Ricardo Hueso  Teresa del Río-Gaztelurrutia  Alberto Oleaga 《European Journal of Engineering Education》2014,39(5):518-526

We present the Aula EspaZio Gela, a facility dedicated to teaching Space Science and Technology at the master and doctorate level at the University of the Basque Country (Spain), and to promoting the development of this field in both public and private sectors. The one-year master's degree in Space Science and Technology (60 ECTS (European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System)) offers a group of compulsory courses which give way afterwards to a set of elective matters in which students choose one of two tracks: the scientific, primarily oriented to basic research at the University, or the technological, leading to the space industry and space agencies. After completion of the master thesis, our students have direct access to a PhD in both curricular lines. Here we detail the main features of the master's degree and the experience acquired in three years, including a comparative opinion survey to the students. We also describe the facilities at the Faculty of Engineering consisting of a specific classroom (Aula EspaZio Gela), an Astronomical Observatory, and different laboratories.  相似文献   

马尔克斯——为拉丁美洲发声     

Malit del Barco 《英语沙龙》2014,(6)

正【阅读难度:】耽字迷文,阅读是一种受益终生的习惯。拉丁美洲作家马尔克斯于2014年4月17日辞世,享年87岁。他是拉丁美洲魔幻现实主义文学的代表人物,20世纪最有影响力的作家之一,1982年诺贝尔文学奖得主。他将现实主义与幻想结合起来,创造了一部风云变幻的哥伦比亚和整个南美大陆的神话般的历史。  相似文献   

Faculty Employment Trends in Criminology and Criminal Justice     

Laurie A. Gould  Shannon K. Fowler  Alejandro del Carmen 《Journal of Criminal Justice Education》2013,24(2):247-266

The academic job search process is perhaps one of the most important and stressful events for scholars hoping to gain full‐time employment in academia. The stress that this process induces is due, at least in part, to the fact that candidates are forced to make important, life‐changing decisions with very little information. The goal of the present study is to provide an update on faculty employment trends in criminology and criminal justice by examining faculty position announcements posted in The Chronicle of Higher Education (CHE) from August 2004 to July 2009. Findings reveal that candidates seeking assistant professor positions will have the most choice, as positions posted at this rank make up the largest category of advertisements. Furthermore, when a specialization was included in the announcement, most departments sought those with a law enforcement focus, followed by generalists.  相似文献