The State and Democracy After New Public Management: Exploring Alternative Models of E-Governance     

Diego D. Navarra  Tony Cornford 《The Information Society》2013,29(1):37-45

This article considers the evolving role of information and communication technology within the modern liberal state. Most of the literature focuses on e-government projects, usually seen as opportunities to innovate the business processes of government in close alignment with ideas drawn from New Public Management (NPM). This article argues that the adoption of such a view of e-government overlooks the opportunity to pursue wider innovation in state governance to create more democratic forms of governance. It outlines alternative models for e-government and illustrates them with successful cases of projects based on such models.  相似文献   

Reliability of NIRS portable device for measuring intercostal muscles oxygenation during exercise     

Felipe Contreras-Briceño  Maximiliano Espinosa-Ramirez  Gonzalo Hevia  Diego Llambias  Miguel Carrasco  Francisco Cerda 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(23):2653-2659

ABSTRACT

This study assessed the intra-individual reliability of oxygen saturation in intercostal muscles (SmO₂-m.intercostales) during an incremental maximal treadmill exercise by using portable NIRS devices in a test-retest study. Fifteen marathon runners (age, 24.9 ± 2.0 years; body mass index, 21.6 ± 2.3 kg·m^?2; V?O₂-peak, 63.7 ± 5.9 mL·kg^?1·min^?1) were tested on two separate days, with a 7-day interval between the two measurements. Oxygen consumption (V?O₂) was assessed using the breath-by-breath method during the V?O₂-test, while SmO₂ was determined using a portable commercial device, based in the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) principle. The minute ventilation (VE), respiratory rate (RR), and tidal volume (Vt) were also monitored during the cardiopulmonary exercise test. For the SmO₂-m.intercostales, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) at rest, first (VT1) and second ventilatory (VT2) thresholds, and maximal stages were 0.90, 0.84, 0.92, and 0.93, respectively; the confidence intervals ranged from ?10.8% – +9.5% to ?15.3% – +12.5%. The reliability was good at low intensity (rest and VT1) and excellent at high intensity (VT2 and max). The Spearman correlation test revealed (p ≤ 0.001) an inverse association of SmO₂-m.intercostales with V?O₂ (ρ = ?0.64), VE (ρ = ?0.73), RR (ρ = ?0.70), and Vt (ρ = ?0.63). The relationship with the ventilatory variables showed that increased breathing effort during exercise could be registered adequately using a NIRS portable device.  相似文献   

The effects of classroom socioeconomic composition on student’s civic knowledge in Chile     

Diego Collado  Catalina Lomos  Ides Nicaise 《School Effectiveness & School Improvement》2013,24(3):415-440

In Chile, the influence of the socioeconomic make-up of classrooms on achievement has been extensively studied in mathematics and language, but less in currently important non-traditional subjects such as civic knowledge. This paper analyses the effects of the socioeconomic composition of classrooms on students’ civic knowledge achievement in Chile, using the International Civic and Citizenship Education Study 2009 and a multilevel methodology. This research finds positive influences of higher socioeconomic intakes of 36% of one standard deviation in test scores. These results suggest that in the socioeconomically segregated Chilean education system, these effects would contribute to widening the civic knowledge attainment gap between pupils attending affluent and less affluent schools. In addition, this research finds that, on average, students with a higher individual socioeconomic status are more sensitive to these influences and that socioeconomic composition effects are more acute in the private-voucher sector than in the public sector.  相似文献   

The interplay of learning approaches and self-efficacy in secondary school students’ academic achievement in science     

Diego Ardura  Arturo Galán 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(13):1723-1743

ABSTRACT

The aim of the present investigation was to analyse the role of academic self-efficacy and approaches to learning in general and in Physics and Chemistry academic achievements. The sample comprised 507 secondary school students of two Spanish schools and the study was conducted in the context of a Physics and Chemistry subject. Structural equation models showed that surface motive was the only type of learning approach directly related to performance. Besides, our models revealed that self-efficacy plays an important role as a mediating variable between the surface strategy and the deep motive learning approaches and academic achievement. Gender effects were also studied as girls showed higher levels of achievement both in general performance and in Physics and Chemistry. Implications for science education and suggestions for future research of these findings are also discussed.  相似文献   

Procedures for Responding to Charges of Unethical Research Practices, Revised March 1985 Report of the Faculty Ad Hoc Committee to Investigate Research Fraud, 30 September 1986     

University of California  San Diego. School of Medicine 《Minerva》1987,25(4):502-512

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Segmenting Educational Content: Long-Form vs. Short-Form Online Learning Modules     

Diego Méndez-Carbajo  Scott A. Wolla 《The American journal of distance education》2019,33(2):108-119

This article studies the differences in student learning outcomes associated with changes in the format of online learning resources. We compare completion rates and degrees of student achievement across several economic education learning modules produced by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. Initially designed as a long-form online learning module focused on unemployment, the virtual lecture “The Story of Unemployment” was later chunked into four separate short-form learning modules. We find across-the-board evidence of increased completion rates among registered students and statistically significant increases in average differences between pre-test and post-test scores. We also study how the increases in scores are distributed across students by comparing pre-test grade quartiles. Finally, we document that chunking online instructional materials increases retained learning and consistently boosts information absorption at the item level.  相似文献   

The DIYLab project (Do It Yourself in Education: Expanding Digital Competence to Foster Student Agency and Collaborative Learning) / El proyecto DIYLab (Do It Yourself in Education: Expanding Digital Competence to Foster Student Agency and Collaborative Learning)     

Joan-Anton Sánchez-Valero  Judith Arrazola-Carballo  Diego Calderón-Garrido 《Cultura y Educación》2017,29(4):871-878

The DIYLab project aims to promote lifelong learning by expanding students’ digital competences, autonomy and creativity through collaborative and meaningful learning. DIYLab locates students at the centre of the learning experience, turning them into the producer of their own learning material. This three-year-old project has been implemented in primary schools, secondary schools and universities in three European countries, where students create digital products that are subsequently published through a Hub or digital centre.  相似文献   

Psychosocial Attributes and Life Experiences of Disadvantaged Minority Mothers: Age and Ethnic Variations   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Gail A. Wasserman  Virginia A. Rauh  Susan A. Brunelli  Maritza Garcia-Castro  Belkis Necos 《Child development》1990,61(2):566-580

This study examined age and ethnic differences in psychosocial factors among hispanic (n = 210) and black (n = 73) low-income mothers within 2 days after delivery. The sample included 45 black and 99 hispanic adolescents (less than 19 years) and 139 adult controls (greater than or equal to 20 years) giving birth on the service ward at a large metropolitan hospital, excluding mothers and infants with high parity or adverse perinatal conditions. Multivariate and univariate analyses, with parity covaried, revealed age effects including earlier menarche, more school grade retention, and more perceived social support among teens. No age differences were found in child-rearing attitudes, self-esteem, or depressive symptoms. Black mothers reported more social support, higher self-esteem, and less strict child-rearing attitudes than hispanics. Analyses within the hispanic sample revealed Dominican/Puerto Rican group differences in measures of family structure and child-rearing attitudes, but only small differences in social support. Ethnocultural differences between blacks and hispanics and between the two hispanic subgroups are considered in relation to the process of acculturation.  相似文献   

Attitudes towards sexuality information for adolescents: what parents should and should not say     

Claudia Pineda Marin  Maria Teresa Munoz Sastre  Diego Alfonso Murcia  Mateo Bernal Castañeda  Angie Briceño Hernández 《Sex education》2019,19(5):582-596

The goal of this study was to investigate the attitudes of Colombians with respect to what can and what must not be said to young people of different ages and genders regarding sexuality. A convenience sample of 329 adults, aged 18–64 years, living in Bogotá participated in the study. They were presented with a set of 36 vignettes describing situations in which either a young girl or a young boy seemed to be concerned about sexuality and sexual relationships. Each scenario contained three items of information: the child’s gender, age and the parent’s decision (e.g. not to say anything regarding sexuality). Through cluster analysis, seven qualitatively different sets of attitudes were found. The five most common ones were: (i) it is never appropriate to talk about sexual matters (6%); (ii) delegate this responsibility to the school nurse (4%); (iii) provide incomplete information restricted to the biology of sexuality (11%); (iv) provide comprehensive information but with a recommendation of abstinence (28%); and (v) provide comprehensive information and a recommendation of pre-marital sexual experience (36%). Although it was expected that attitudes would vary as a function of the young person’s gender and age, such variations proved to be limited in their extent.  相似文献   

Internet-assisted Real-time Experiments Using the Internet—Hardware and Software Considerations     

R. Paul Singh  Diego Circelli 《Journal of Food Science Education》2005,4(1):10-14

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