Kicks from the penalty mark in soccer: the roles of stress, skill, and fatigue for kick outcomes   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Jordet G  Hartman E  Visscher C  Lemmink KA 《Journal of sports sciences》2007,25(2):121-129

The soccer "penalty shootout" in the knock-out phase of major international tournaments is one of the most dramatic events in international soccer. The outcome of these kicks is typically attributed to factors such as psychology (e.g. coping with stress), skill (e.g. kicking technique), physiology (e.g. overcoming the fatigue of 120 min play), and chance (e.g. in what direction the goalkeeper moves). The purpose of this study was to use internet game record data to estimate the relative importance of these performance components for the outcome of penalty kicks in international matches. Data were collected from soccer statistics internet sites on all 41 penalty shootouts and 409 kicks taken in the World Cup, European Championships, and Copa America between 1976 and 2004. The results showed that the importance of the kicks (indicative of stress) was negatively related to the outcomes of the kicks, whereas skill and fatigue were less, or not, related to outcome. It was concluded that psychological components are most influential for the outcome of penalty kicks. We recommend that practitioners work with players to reduce the perceived importance of each kick.  相似文献   

Gross motor skills and sports participation of children with visual impairments     

Houwen S  Visscher C  Hartman E  Lemmink KA 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2007,78(2):16-23

Gross motor skill performance of children with visual impairments and its association with the degree of visual impairment and sports participation was examined. Twenty children with visual impairments (M age = 9.2 years, SD = 1.5) and 100 sighted children (M age = 9.1 years, SD = 1.5) from mainstream schools participated. The results showed that children with visual impairments had significantly lower object control but not locomotor skill scores than the sighted children. No significant differences were found between children with a moderate and severe visual impairment. Children with visual impairments who participated in sports had significantly higher object control skill scores than those who did not. No significant associations between motor skills and sports participation were found in the sighted children.  相似文献   

Intervening with care – varying outcomes of a training and development programme in elderly care in Sweden     

Esther Hauer  Kristina Westerberg  Annika M. Nordlund 《Journal of Vocational Education & Training》2017,69(4):617-636

Awareness of the mechanisms underlying training and development (T&D) programmes is crucial in creating sustainable learning conditions in organisations. The organisational and psychosocial aspects of the work environment in Swedish elderly care is the focus of this longitudinal study, and the relation between process and results of a T&D programme is investigated. A mixed-methods design enabled exploration of the content of the quality improvement efforts, followed by an examination of how aspects of the work environment are influenced. The perceived learning climate, workload and resource adequacy are shown to be influenced differently by different contents. Insights into the complexity surrounding T&D programmes are then offered. It is concluded that even if a seemingly sound method of quality improvement is implemented, this is not enough to guarantee success. Also, it is apparent that changes may sometimes be at the expense of employees’ work environment, which may hamper continuous learning.  相似文献   

Translating evidence‐based practice into a comprehensive educational model within an autism‐specific special school          下载免费PDF全文

Katy A. Lambert‐Lee  Rebecca Jones  Julie O'Sullivan  Richard P. Hastings  Emma Douglas‐Cobane  Esther Thomas J.  Carl Hughes  Gemma Griffith 《British Journal of Special Education》2015,42(1):69-86

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CUTS AND CRISIS IN SWISS HIGHER EDUCATION     

Esther Garke 《Higher Education in Europe》1984,9(3):73-86

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Copyright and you     

Esther R. Sinofsky Ph.D.  Terry Holcomb  Dr. Mark Mortensen 《TechTrends》1997,42(3):10-12

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Copyright and you     

Esther R. Sinosfsky 《TechTrends》2000,44(5):10-11

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Zur Entwicklung domänenverbundener und domänenspezifischer Kompetenz im Ausbildungsverlauf     

Viola Katharina Klotz  Esther Winther 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2016,19(4):765-782

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Legacy of British Colonial Early Childhood Education     

Esther Chan Yim-mei 《Journal of Educational Change》2004,5(1):79-89

This article examines early childhood educationin Hong Kong from three perspectives: historical, socio-economic, and educational development. Each perspective highlights different issues and problems in the development of early childhood education. The historical perspective identifies some major events and their influence on the formulation of educational policies particularly at pre-school level. The social-economicperspective considers education as the means toachieve economic development, which is whythe amount of resources allocated is closelylinked with the future needs of the economy;therefore preschool education has long beenneglected in Hong Kong. The educationaldevelopment perspective reflects the Hong Konggovernment's expectations for education, and thereview of the educational policies helpsunderstand the development of pre-schooleducation. Analysis of some historicalbackground and current trends of early childhoodeducation development, highlight possible future developments of early childhood education in Hong Kong, particularly after the reunification with her motherland, China, in 1997.  相似文献   

Dance for the youngest set     

Esther L. Nelson 《Early Childhood Education Journal》1979,7(2):30-33

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