Adolescent Learning in the Zoo: Embedding a Non-Formal Learning Environment to Teach Formal Aspects of Vertebrate Biology     

Christoph Randler  Barbara Kummer  Christian Wilhelm 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2012,21(3):384-391

The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of a zoo visit in terms of learning and retention of knowledge concerning the adaptations and behavior of vertebrate species. Basis of the work was the concept of implementing zoo visits as an out-of-school setting for formal, curriculum based learning. Our theoretical framework centers on the self-determination theory, therefore, we used a group-based, hands-on learning environment. To address this questions, we used a treatment—control design (BACI) with different treatments and a control group. Pre-, post- and retention tests were applied. All treatments led to a substantial increase of learning and retention knowledge compared to the control group. Immediately after the zoo visit, the zoo-guide tour provided the highest scores, while after a delay of 6 weeks, the learner-centered environment combined with a teacher-guided summarizing scored best. We suggest incorporating the zoo as an out-of-school environment into formal school learning, and we propose different methods to improve learning in zoo settings.  相似文献   

Deactivation and reactivation of the inhibitory power of a conditioned inhibitor: Testing the predictions of an attentional-associative model     

Kutlu MG  Schmajuk NA 《Learning & behavior》2012,40(1):83-97

An attentional-associative model (Schmajuk, Lam, & Gray Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 22, 321–349, 1996) assumes that nonreinforced presentations of an inhibitory conditioned stimulus (CS) do not decrease its inhibitory associations. However, the model predicts that extended presentations will decrease attention to the inhibitor, thereby decreasing both (1) the expression of its inhibitory power in a summation test and (2) the rate of acquisition in a retardation test. The model also predicts that subsequent presentations of the inhibitory CS with a novel CS will increase both (1) and (2). Using a predictive learning design in humans, Experiment 1 examined the predictions involving the summation tests, whereas Experiments 2 and 3 examined the predictions involving the retardation tests. Experimental results were in agreement with the predictions of the model.  相似文献   

Book Reviews     

Wilhelm Treue  Penelope M. Gouk  J. W. Grove  Harold Stone 《Minerva》1983,21(4):456-476

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An experiment with gradual modification of the school organization at the post-primary stage     

Wilhelm Marckmann 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1964,10(4):464-467

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Agreements between authors and publishers     

Wilhelm Nordemann 《Publishing Research Quarterly》1992,8(2):38-40

The degree to which agreements between authors and publishers are left to free negotiation varies from country to country. As the European nations move toward economic unity, a greater degree of conformity in literary common law is desirable. Any common rules on publishing contracts should balance the interests of publishers and authors so that authors receive a fair share of all exploitations of their work and publishers are free to exploit the works in all possible ways. Exploitation includes both traditional means and new mass media and merchandising rights. professor of Intellectual Property and Copyright Law at both Berlin state universities, and author of commentaries on the German Copyright Code (7th ed., 1988), the German Unfair Competition law (6th ed., 1990), and the International Copyright Conventions (German ed., 1977; French ed., 1982; English ed., 1990). This article was adapted from a presentation at the seminar “East Meets West: Copyright and the Publisher in a Market Economy”, Hamburg, March 1991.  相似文献   

Interpersonal skill-building for instructional developers     

Ruth V. Curtis  Darlene Nestor 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》1990,38(2):51-59

Although competence in the area of interpersonal skills has long been recognized as important by those in the instructional development (ID) profession, few academic programs instruct students in those skills. As they enter the field, students from such programs soon discover that it takes more than ID skills to be an effective instructional designer-developer. Positive interaction with SMES, clients, and colleagues soon emerges as equally important to getting the job done successfully. In an attempt to provide training in interpersonal skill-building, a course was implemented at Syracuse University's Area of Instructional Design, Development and Evaluation. The main goal of this course was for students to gain competence and confidence in their ability to interact with people. This article provides information about and insight into the content and activities of this course and personal reactions of the students who participated in it.  相似文献   

Zn metabolism of monogastric species and consequences for the definition of feeding requirements and the estimation of feed Zn bioavailability     

Brugger  Daniel  Windisch  Wilhelm M. 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2019,20(8):617-627

Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B - A major goal of mineral nutrition research is to provide information of feed zinc (Zn) utilization efficiency and gross Zn requirements as affected by...  相似文献   

Parallel assessment of nutrition and activity in athletes: validation against doubly labelled water, 24-h urea excretion, and indirect calorimetry     

Koehler K  Braun H  De Marees M  Fusch G  Fusch C  Mester J  Schaenzer W 《Journal of sports sciences》2010,28(13):1435-1449

The assessment of nutrition and activity in athletes requires accurate and precise methods. The aim of this study was to validate a protocol for parallel assessment of diet and exercise against doubly labelled water, 24-h urea excretion, and respiratory gas exchange. The participants were 14 male triathletes under normal training conditions. Energy intake and doubly labelled water were weakly associated with each other (r = 0.69, standard error of estimate [SEE] = 304 kcal x day(-1)). Protein intake was strongly correlated with 24-h urea (r = 0.89) but showed considerable individual variation (SEE = 0.34 g kg(-1) x day(-1)). Total energy expenditure based on recorded activities was highly correlated with doubly labelled water (r = 0.95, SEE = 195 kcal x day(-1)) but was proportionally biased. During running and cycling, estimated exercise energy expenditure was highly correlated with gas exchange (running: r = 0.89, SEE = 1.6 kcal x min(-1); cycling: r = 0.95, SEE = 1.4 kcal x min(-1)). High exercise energy expenditure was slightly underestimated during running. For nutrition data, variations appear too large for precise measurements in individual athletes, which is a common problem of dietary assessment methods. Despite the high correlations of total energy expenditure and exercise energy expenditure with reference methods, a correction for systematic errors is necessary for the valid estimation of energetic requirements in individual athletes.  相似文献   

On a new kind of rays     

Wilhelm Conrad Rroentgen 《Resonance》2005,10(6):89-95

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The Digital Divide: Facing a Crisis or Creating a Myth, edited by B. M. Compaine. Cambridge and London: MIT Press, 2001. xvii + 357 pp., $29.95. ISBN 0-262-53193-3.     

Anthony Wilhelm 《The Information Society》2002,18(5):415-416

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