International patent disputes: Evidence from oppositions at the European Patent Office     

Federico Caviggioli  Giuseppe ScellatoElisa Ughetto 《Research Policy》2013

The impact of the geographical origin of patents on the probability of an opposition being filed and a patent being revoked has been examined in this paper, after accounting for patent value indicators and industry specificities. The study is based on a dataset of approximately 450,000 EPO granted patents and 24,000 patent opposition cases in the years 2000–2008. We find that patents with a first priority in the US are less likely to be challenged, although they are relatively more likely to be revoked than patents with a priority in a member country of the European Patent Convention. Patents from Japan have less probability of being opposed and are less likely to be revoked than the other countries. A disaggregation of the European countries has revealed that patents with a German priority have a higher or similar likelihood of being opposed than patents from the other countries, with the exceptions of The Netherlands and Denmark.  相似文献   

An unexpected world population variation of MCT1 polymorphism 1470T > A involved in lactate transport     

Federico Onali  Carla M. Calò  Myosotis Massidda  Miguel M. Álvarez-Álvarez 《European Journal of Sport Science》2018,18(10):1376-1382

A common missense mutation (1470T > A) in gene SLC16A1 responsible for an amino acid substitution in protein MCT1 has been associated with differential lactate transport and hence, differences in physical performance and muscle injuries in relation to physical exercise. This study describes, for the first time, the worldwide variation of MCT1 variant 1470T > A at an intra- and inter-continental level. Two thousand five hundred and four individual genotypes of 26 populations clustered in 5 population groups have been analysed with data downloaded from the public database 1000 Genomes Phase 3 Browser. Several parameters of population differentiation and structure have been explored as well as selection signatures in the whole gene. Allele T, the common variant, shows extremely high values in Sub-Saharan African groups (frequencies 86–91%) as compared with the remaining world regions (69–49%). TT genotype also predominates in African groups, showing significant differences with the rest of world populations. In view of the evidence that the TT genotype is associated with clinical implications and a better predisposition to sprint/power performances, we suggest that the high presence of the TT genotype in African populations should be taken into account in future association studies at both medical and sports fields.  相似文献   

Physiological and anthropometric characteristics of top-level youth cross-country cyclists     

Alessandro Fornasiero  Aldo Savoldelli  Roberto Modena  Gennaro Boccia  Barbara Pellegrini  Federico Schena 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(8):901-906

In the literature there is a lack of data about the development of top level athletes in cross-country mountain biking (XCO). The purpose of this study was to analyze anthropometric and physiological characteristics of some of the best XCO bikers aged between 13 and 16. The study involved 45 bikers (26 males and 19 females) belonging to a youth national team. The evaluations, consisting of anthropometric measures, incremental cycling tests (VO_2max, PPO, P@RCP), and 30 s Wingate Tests (PMax, PMean), were conducted over a lapse of 4 years. Our findings showed in bikers, already at young age, a specific athletic profile advantageous for XCO performance. At the age of 16, just before entering the junior category and competing at international level, male and female bikers showed physiological values normalized to the body mass comparable to those reported in literature for high level athletes (VO_2max>70 and >60 ml/kg/min, PPO >6.5 and >5.5 W/kg, respectively in males and females). The production of high power-to-weight ratios and high peaks of anaerobic power attests the presence of highly developed aerobic and anaerobic systems in young XCO cyclists reflecting the high physiological demand of this sport.  相似文献   

Teaching Flowers: A Photo Essay     

Federico Hewson 《Teaching Artist Journal》2017,15(1):9-16

“Teaching Flowers” reflects on humanity's deep connections to horticulture by gathering varied thoughts from seminal writers in the field. In addition, this visual article draws attention to labor issues within the U.S. floral industry by documenting the author's exploration of flowers as social sculpture in New York City.  相似文献   

Einstein, Bell, and Nonseparable Realism     

Laudisa  Federico 《The British journal for the philosophy of science》1995,46(3):309-329

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Examining Teachers' Understanding of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder          下载免费PDF全文

Federico Guerra  Ashwini Tiwari  Ajay Das  Javier Cavazos Vela  Manisha Sharma 《Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs》2017,17(4):247-256

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Metacognitive regulation contributes to digital text comprehension in E-learning     

Burin  Debora I.  Gonzalez  Federico Martin  Barreyro  Juan Pablo  Injoque-Ricle  Irene 《Metacognition and Learning》2020,15(3):391-410

Metacognition and Learning - This study examined the contribution of self-reported metacognitive regulation of reading to expository digital text comprehension in an e-learning environment,...  相似文献   

The physics and metaphysics of quantum field theory     

Federico Laudisa 《Metascience》2012,21(3):621-623

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Telesoftware: Application in Scholastic and Vocational Training     

Pier Silverio Pozzi 《Educational Media International》2013,50(1):46-47

Abstract

This paper looks at the way RAI (Italian Radio) was used to transmit computer programs, and how it helped when the school leaving age was raised in Italy in the 1950s. It also looks at RAI's position vís‐à‐vís the teacher, in which they are joint leaders with complementary functions.  相似文献   

Measuring ICT Use and Learning Outcomes: evidence from recent econometric studies     

Federico Biagi  Massimo Loi 《European Journal of Education》2013,48(1):28-42

Based on PISA 2009 data, this article studies the relationship between students’ computer use and their achievement in reading, mathematics and science in 23 countries. After having categorised computer use into a set of different activities according to the skills they involve, we correlate students’ PISA test-scores with an index capturing the intensity of use for each of these activities and with the total number of activities they perform. Overall, we find that students’ PISA test scores in reading, mathematics and science increase with the intensity of computer use for Gaming activities while they decrease with the intensity of computer use for activities that are more related with school curricula (i.e. Communication and Collaboration activities; Technical Operations/Info Retrieval activities; Creation of Content and Knowledge Problem Solving activities). However, the number of activities (and hence the diversification of activities), irrespective of the intensity of computer use, is positively correlated with students’ proficiency in all three PISA domains in the vast majority of countries, indicating that computers breadth of use, as opposed to intensity of use in a given activity, has some positive effect on students’ PISA test scores.  相似文献