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991.
992.
The implementation of chemical filtration in air-conditioning systems in archive and library repositories has become standard practice for heritage institutions in many countries. This practice is codified in official standards with general reference to a substantial body of scientific publications on the effects of air pollutants on paper materials. In this paper we report the application of a well-established decision analysis approach elaborating an integral cost-benefit perspective to provide decision support to four European national heritage institutions confronted with dilemmas in connection to chemical air filtration. Available scientific evidence for air pollution induced damage of paper material is reviewed and weighed against financial and environmental costs of air pollution control. Exposure of paper to both indoor and outdoor generated air pollutants at typical concentration levels observed within storage areas is expected to cause minimal to no additional yellowing and embrittlement, while the costs of chemical air filtration are significant. From a cost-benefit perspective the use of chemical air filtration in typical library and archive repositories is therefore discouraged. 相似文献
993.
The current advocacy for rapidly increasing theuse of instructional technologies has not been accompanied bysufficient research on the costs of these modes of instruction. The purpose of this article is to illustrate the need for morecomprehensive research on instructional technology costs and toprovide a framework for examining these costs. First, to providecontext, some current assumptions about the growing use ofinstructional technology are discussed. Then various categoriesof costs are described. 相似文献
994.
W. Robinson Crosby Maynard Matteson Robert Stafford William C. Farlow Lyle E. Grooters Irving L. Maranz Chester C. Sutton Ronald Ashby Pat Ryan Jack Fruman William E. Crosby Elwood H. Beaver W. E. Mellown Frank Manzi William H. Allen 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》1966,14(2):273-281
995.
996.
997.
Martha J. Zaslow Frank A. Pedersen Joan T. D. Suwalsky Beth A. Rabinovich 《Early childhood research quarterly》1989,4(4)
The purpose of this study was to ask if parent-infant interaction differs in middle-class families with employed and homemaker mothers. Home observations of mother, father, and infant were carried out on weekday evenings, and observations of mother and infant as a dyad were performed during the daytime. Findings indicated group differences in the mother-father-infant context only, in which infants in the homemaker-mother group smiled and laughed more and were engaged more often in mutual looking and object play. Furthermore, daughters in the employed-mother group, but sons in the homemaker-mother group, received more parental stimulation encouraging their attention of objects. 相似文献
998.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree to which A. Bandura's ( 1997 ) hypothesized sources of self‐efficacy predict the science self‐efficacy beliefs of middle school students (N = 319), to replicate previous findings that science self‐efficacy predicts science achievement, and to explore how science self‐efficacy and its antecedents differ by gender. Significant correlations were found between mastery experiences, vicarious experiences, social persuasions, physiological arousal, and self‐efficacy. Only mastery experiences significantly predicted science self‐efficacy. Girls reported stronger science self‐efficacy than did boys. Findings support and extend the theoretical tenets of Bandura's social cognitive theory. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 43: 485–499, 2006 相似文献
999.
I report on benefits from 26 teacher-participant evaluators of a computer game designed to motivate learning and to ease conceptual
understanding of biology in South Africa. Using a developmental, social constructivist and interpretative model, the recommendation
is to include the value systems and needs of end-users (through social dialogue); curriculum issues (learning theories in
the ECP and those the education authorities recommend, as well as ECP-curriculum integration); the nature of the subject the
ECP presents (e.g., Nature of Science); and the compatibility of the ECP with school computers. 相似文献
1000.
Frank Laycock J. Milton Yinger Kiyoshi Ikeda 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1975,21(3):301-310
This article summarizes an extended study carried out by Oberlin College, Ohio. Bright thirteen-year old black pupils were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group was given compensatory instruction until they were of college age. Comparisons with the control group showed that nearly all of these pupils — from backgrounds where completing secondary school and attending college are both unexpected — entered college. 相似文献