The problematic relationship between child development theory and teacher preparation     

Nancy Perry  Maureen Gerard 《Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education》2013,34(4):343-348

Abstract

This article addresses questions raised in the past decade regarding the role of child development knowledge for teaching and teacher preparation. Missing from the dialogue on this issue have been the voices of the students enrolled in teacher preparation programs. Accordingly, 77 preservice teachers were surveyed at the conclusion of a child development theory course. The results were examined for themes regarding how preservice teachers come to understand the changing nature of child development, the strengths and limitations of generalized theories of development, and the applicability of child development theory to their future practice.  相似文献   

Automated Scoring of Constructed‐Response Science Items: Prospects and Obstacles     

Ou Lydia Liu  Chris Brew  John Blackmore  Libby Gerard  Jacquie Madhok  Marcia C. Linn 《Educational Measurement》2014,33(2):19-28

Content‐based automated scoring has been applied in a variety of science domains. However, many prior applications involved simplified scoring rubrics without considering rubrics representing multiple levels of understanding. This study tested a concept‐based scoring tool for content‐based scoring, c‐rater?, for four science items with rubrics aiming to differentiate among multiple levels of understanding. The items showed moderate to good agreement with human scores. The findings suggest that automated scoring has the potential to score constructed‐response items with complex scoring rubrics, but in its current design cannot replace human raters. This article discusses sources of disagreement and factors that could potentially improve the accuracy of concept‐based automated scoring.  相似文献   

Play — Use — Generalize! Three-stage activities for developing math readiness     

Gerard Giordano 《Early Childhood Education Journal》1990,17(4):13-17

Children can be encouraged to demonstrate academic learning that they have mastered. Demonstrating academic learning to adults can be similar to auditioning for a drama or an artistic recital. Teachers and professional caregivers are accustomed to such auditions. Typically, it is the parents who initiate the audition: “My child can count to 10. Bonnie, count to 10 for this person.” Sometimes the auditioning child will ignore the parent: “Bonnie, count to 10 for this nice man.” Bonnie continues to disregard her parent. “Bonnie, count to 10. You know how to do it. One, two, three, ... What comes after three?” Bonnie still does not respond. “Honey, say your numbers. One, two, thr... What comes after two?”  相似文献   

Principal Leadership for Technology-enhanced Learning in Science     

Libby F. Gerard  Jane B. Bowyer  Marcia C. Linn 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2008,17(1):1-18

Reforms such as technology-enhanced instruction require principal leadership. Yet, many principals report that they need help to guide implementation of science and technology reforms. We identify strategies for helping principals provide this leadership. A two-phase design is employed. In the first phase we elicit principals’ varied ideas about the Technology-enhanced Learning in Science (TELS) curriculum materials being implemented by teachers in their schools, and in the second phase we engage principals in a leadership workshop designed based on the ideas they generated. Analysis uses an emergent coding scheme to categorize principals’ ideas, and a knowledge integration framework to capture the development of these ideas. The analysis suggests that principals frame their thinking about the implementation of TELS in terms of: principal leadership, curriculum, educational policy, teacher learning, student outcomes and financial resources. They seek to improve their own knowledge to support this reform. The principals organize their ideas around individual school goals and current political issues. Principals prefer professional development activities that engage them in reviewing curricula and student work with other principals. Based on the analysis, this study offers guidelines for creating learning opportunities that enhance principals’ leadership abilities in technology and science reform.  相似文献   

Effects of implementing flipped classroom elements and dynamic in‐class discussion on student performance     

Loan Thi Thanh Cao  Jeffrey Gerard Swada 《Journal of Food Science Education》2021,20(1):48-56

In a Food Processing–Unit Operations course, students learn the basic equipment that comprises unit operations and techniques commonly used in the food industry to prepare, process, and preserve a variety of food products. Due to the complexity of these operations, students frequently struggle with applying food processing principles to predict how unit operations influence the physical, biochemical, sensory, and nutritional properties of foods. This study is designed to evaluate how pre‐class readings and in‐class group activities improve the students’ learning in a Food Processing course. The survey after the exams shows that 48 and 60% of students agree that reading assignments and in‐class group activities help them understand the course material better, respectively. The mean value of exam scores shows that the students in the intervention section (Spring 2018) had significantly higher scores (88.4%) than that of the two previous sections without intervention (77.6%, Spring 2016 and 82.8%, Spring 2017) (P < .05). It is concluded that using a flipped class element like providing reading assignments and quizzes before the lecture can be an effective preparation technique for students as well as providing the instructors with critical insight into the students’ level of understanding before the lecture. This allows the instructor to focus time spent in class on areas in which students struggle the most.  相似文献   

Communicative Foreign Language Teaching and how it Reflects on the Training of Modern Foreign Language Teachers     

Dora Dolle‐Willemsen  Jan Menting  Gerard M. Willems 《欧洲师范教育杂志》1983,6(2):175-181

If acquiring a foreign language is a highly individual process—part cognitive part affective, part information based part discovery based—the methodology of creating teaching/learning situations must take (next to linguistic issues) the individual into account: his learning style, his needs, interests, etc.

The article has two distinct emphases: (I) a cognitive, applied linguistics emphasis and (II) an affective, learner‐centred emphasis. By way of conclusion the implications of (I) and (II) for teacher training are involved.  相似文献   

PROBLEM FINDING: DISCOVERING AND FORMULATING PROBLEMS     

Gerard M. Brugman 《High Ability Studies》1991,2(2):212-227

Research and theory on problem finding are scarce. This can be ascribed to difficulties in the operationalisation of the concept and to neglect of the importance of this essential link in the problem solving cycle. A similar lacuna, however, is not found in early research in the field of problem solving. In problem solving four components can be distinguished: cognitive (sensitivity to problems and formulating the problem), motivational (effectance motivation and curiosity), emotional (wonder and surprise) and, finally, personality components (tolerance for ambiguity, stimulus reduction and self‐confidence). Selective encoding, combining and comparing can be regarded as essential elements of the cognitive component. With respect to the developmental aspects of problem finding, emphasis is laid on the importance of competence motivation and the quality of attachment as determinants. The educational implications are unequivocal: problem solving and problem finding must have equal positions in curricula. For the time being this means that education will have to pay more attention to problem finding.  相似文献   

Disruption of chickens’ color aversions when training and test mediums are different     

Martin  Gerard M. 《Learning & behavior》1984,12(1):79-88

Learning & Behavior - In the present experiments, the conditions under which chickens would avoid colored and flavored substances that they had associated with toxicosis were examined. It was...  相似文献   

Students’ perception of frequent assessments and its relation to motivation and grades in a statistics course: a pilot study     

Bram E. Vaessen  Antoine van den Beemt  Gerard van de Watering  Ludo W. van Meeuwen  Lex Lemmens  Perry den Brok 《Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education》2017,42(6):872-886

This pilot study measures university students’ perceptions of graded frequent assessments in an obligatory statistics course using a novel questionnaire. Relations between perceptions of frequent assessments, intrinsic motivation and grades were also investigated. A factor analysis of the questionnaire revealed four factors, which were labelled value, formative function, positive effects and negative effects. The results showed that most students valued graded frequent assessments as a study motivator. A modest number of students experienced positive or negative effects from assessments and grades received. Less than half of the students used the results of frequent assessments in their learning process. The perception of negative effects (lower self-confidence and more stress) negatively mediated the relation between grades and intrinsic motivation. It is argued that communication with students regarding the purpose and benefits of frequent assessments could mitigate these negative effects.  相似文献   

Evaluating deaf students' readiness to meet the English language and literacy demands of postsecondary educational programs     

Bochner JH  Walter GG 《Journal of deaf studies and deaf education》2005,10(3):232-243

The purpose of this study was to investigate alternative methods for evaluating deaf students' readiness to meet the English language and literacy demands of postsecondary educational programs. In the first part of the study, scores obtained by a large sample of deaf students on the ACT Assessment (ACT Composite score and scores on the ACT English and Reading tests) were compared to their scores on various measures of English language and literacy skills. In the second part of the study, the performance of a smaller sample of deaf students on the ESL Reading and ESL Grammar/Usage components of COMPASS/ESL was compared to their performance on a set of concurrent measures of English skills. The results of this investigation demonstrate that neither the ACT Assessment nor COMPASS/ESL are appropriate for the full range of deaf students seeking admission to postsecondary educational programs. However, the ACT Assessment is appropriate for deaf students seeking admission to transferable (BS and AAS) degree programs, and the ESL Reading and Grammar/Usage tests appear to be appropriate for deaf students seeking admission to nontransferable (AOS) degree programs. Taken together, the combination of the ACT Assessment and COMPASS/ESL appear able to provide a valid, reliable, and coherent approach to admissions screening assessment for the full range of deaf students seeking admission to postsecondary programs.  相似文献