Development of an accelerometer-based multivariate model to predict free-living energy expenditure in a large military cohort     

Fleur Horner  Mark Rayson  Sam Blacker  Victoria Richmond  James Carter 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):354-360

Abstract

This study developed a multivariate model to predict free-living energy expenditure (EE) in independent military cohorts. Two hundred and eighty-eight individuals (20.6 ± 3.9 years, 67.9 ± 12.0 kg, 1.71 ± 0.10 m) from 10 cohorts wore accelerometers during observation periods of 7 or 10 days. Accelerometer counts (PAC) were recorded at 1-minute epochs. Total energy expenditure (TEE) and physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) were derived using the doubly labelled water technique. Data were reduced to n = 155 based on wear-time. Associations between PAC and EE were assessed using allometric modelling. Models were derived using multiple log-linear regression analysis and gender differences assessed using analysis of covariance. In all models PAC, height and body mass were related to TEE (P < 0.01). For models predicting TEE (r ² = 0.65, SE = 462 kcal · d^?1 (13.0%)), PAC explained 4% of the variance. For models predicting PAEE (r ² = 0.41, SE = 490 kcal · d^?1 (32.0%)), PAC accounted for 6% of the variance. Accelerometry increases the accuracy of EE estimation in military populations. However, the unique nature of military life means accurate prediction of individual free-living EE is highly dependent on anthropometric measurements.  相似文献   

Sexual dimorphism in the physiques of World Championship divers     

J.E.L. Carter  T.R. Ackland 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):317-329

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate sexual dimorphism in male (n=43) and female (n=39) springboard and platform divers at the 1991 World Diving Championships in Perth, Western Australia. In addition to recording the age, height and body mass of each diver, measurements were taken of 8 skinfolds, 13 girths, 8 breadths and depths, and 11 lengths. The derived variables were somatotype, sum of 6 skinfolds (SUM6) and height-adjusted proportional z-scores. The mean (±s) values for the males were: age, 22.2±4.6 years; height, 171±9 cm; body mass, 66.7±10.2 kg; somatotype, 2.0–5.3–2.4±0.5–1.0–0.8; SUM6, 45.9 + 11.4 mm. For the females, these values were: age, 20.9±3.8 years; height, 161±6 cm; body mass, 53.7±5.5 kg; somatotype, 2.8–3.8–2.8±0.7–1.0–0.9; SUM6, 65.6±17.0 mm. The males were taller, heavier, more mesomorphic, less endo-morphic and had a smaller SUM6 than the females (P<0.01). A series of discriminant function analyses were applied to groups of variables. Wilks' lambda and the overall F-ratio were highly significant (P<0.001), with correct classification of sex reaching 84–99%. The best combinations of variables were as follows: (1) absolute size, 3 girths + SUM6, or body mass + SUM6 + height (Wilks' lambda=0.17–0.35); (2) relative size, 2 girths + SUM6 + body mass. Combinations of breadths and lengths, skinfolds, or somatotype components, were less successful, with 84–87% classified correctly (Wilks' lambda=0.40–0.48). We conclude that, in addition to the expected absolute size differences, sexual dimorphism between male and female divers can be explained by differences in relative size, skinfolds and somatotype, and that these differences may have implications for coaching and selection in diving.  相似文献   

Instructional Audio Guidelines: Four Design Principles to Consider for Every Instructional Audio Design Effort     

Curtis W. Carter 《TechTrends》2012,56(6):54-58

This article contends that instructonal designers and developers should attend to four particular design principles when creating instructional audio. Support for this view is presented by referencing the limited research that has been done in this area, and by indicating how and why each of the four principles is important to the design process. The four principles pertain to selection of the narrative format, the fleeting nature of spoken words, the environmental soundscape, and the difference between listening and hearing. These four principles are relevant to designers seeking to use only sound (audio) for instructional delivery.  相似文献   

“It’s Time to Pause and Reflect”: Museums and Human Rights     

Jennifer A. Orange  Jennifer J. Carter 《Curator: The Museum Journal》2012,55(3):259-266

Abstract As museum professionals become more aware of their institutional ability to promote the realization of human rights, so too are the missions, exhibitions, and programming initiatives of many museums around the globe responding to an evolving human rights culture. Here, we will briefly discuss the museum institution’s past relationship with the concept of rights, and identify some of its challenges in taking up a more activist role.  相似文献   

Placement Services in Today's Economy     

Jennifer K. Carter 《Journal of Career Development》1994,21(2):111-115

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Evidence‐based health care: an open learning resource for health care practitioners. Second edition     

Helen Carter 《Health information and libraries journal》2003,20(Z1):80-80

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Book reviews     

Marvin D. Leavy  Kelley Graham  John Feather  J. Kendrick Noble  Richard W. Clement  Richard Abel  Albert N. Greco  Jon Bekken  Robert A. Carter  Sandra Harbert Petrulionis  William Baker 《Publishing Research Quarterly》1998,14(3):78-101

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Government scientific policy and the growth of the British economy     

C. F. Carter  B. R. Williams 《Minerva》1964,3(1):114-125

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Using Second Life in human resource development     

Steph Broadribb  Chris Carter 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2009,40(3):547-550

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Camden's artesian water supply is not derived from the Delaware river by infiltration     

Oscar C.S. Carter 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1907,164(5):339-355

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