Utopianism and National Competitiveness in Technology Rhetoric: The Case of Japan's Information Infrastructure     

Joel West 《The Information Society》1996,12(3):251-272

The ideologies of technological utopianism and national competitiveness are two common strands of twentieth century technology policy in developed nations. The former is the tendency to paint an unrealistic picture of schedule or benefits for a planned technological shift, while the latter is the use of a (real or imagined) advantage held by another nation as a justification for domestic policies. Both are techniques that can and have been used to sell technology policies to government, industry, and the public at large. This theoretical framework is used to analyze the emergence of the 'multimedia'/information infrastructure boomlet in Japan in the mid 1990s, and, in the context of the country's history and institutions, is used to explain the policy distortions that resulted.  相似文献   

Disrupted Lessons in Engineering Robotics: Pivoting Knowledge Transfer From Physical to Virtual Learning Environments     

Chichekian  Tanya  Trudeau  Joel  Jawhar  Tawfiq 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2022,31(5):555-569

Journal of Science Education and Technology - This study examined the effects of an Arduino microrobot activity on college students’ interest in robotics through three specific objectives:...  相似文献   

Outside directors on the board and innovative firm performance     

Benjamin Balsmeier  Achim Buchwald  Joel Stiebale 《Research Policy》2014

We investigate how outside directors on supervisory boards influence innovative activities of the firms they advise and monitor. Based on panel data on the largest German companies, the econometric analysis shows a positive influence of external executives on innovative firm performance, measured by patent applications. Differentiating between outside directors from innovative and non-innovative companies reveals that only outside directors from innovative firms increase patenting activities at the firms they advise and monitor. This effect increases with the technological proximity between the appointing firm and the outsider's home firm. Outside directors from non-innovative firms are negatively associated with the appointing firm's innovativeness. The results indicate that external executives with an appropriate professional background can provide valuable specific knowledge and expertise to the board.  相似文献   

Trunk axial rotation in baseball pitching and batting     

Glenn S. Fleisig  Wellington K. Hsu  Dave Fortenbaugh  Andrew Cordover  Joel M. Press 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(4):324-333

The purpose of this study was to quantify trunk axial rotation and angular acceleration in pitching and batting of elite baseball players. Healthy professional baseball pitchers (n = 40) and batters (n = 40) were studied. Reflective markers attached to each athlete were tracked at 240 Hz with an eight-camera automated digitizing system. Trunk axial rotation was computed as the angle between the pelvis and the upper trunk in the transverse plane. Trunk angular acceleration was the second derivative of axial rotation. Maximum trunk axial rotation (55 ± 6°) and angular acceleration (11,600 ± 3,100 °/s²) in pitching occurred before ball release, approximately at the instant the front foot landed. Maximum trunk axial rotation (46 ± 9°) and angular acceleration (7,200 ± 2,800 °/s²) in batting occurred in the follow-through after ball contact. Thus, the most demanding instant for the trunk and spine was near front foot contact for pitching and after ball contact for batting.  相似文献   

Perceived distributed effort in team ball sports     

Violeta Beniscelli  Gershon Tenenbaum  Robert Joel Schinke  Miquel Torregrosa 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(8):710-721

Abstract

In this study, we explored the multifaceted concept of perceived mental and physical effort in team sport contexts where athletes must invest individual and shared efforts to reach a common goal. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of 15 Catalan professional coaches (3 women and 12 men, 3 each from the following sports: volleyball, basketball, handball, soccer, and water polo) to gain their views of three perceived effort-related dimensions: physical, psychological, and tactical. From a theoretical thematic analysis, it was found that the perception of effort is closely related to how effort is distributed within the team. Moreover, coaches viewed physical effort in relation to the frequency and intensity of the players’ involvement in the game. They identified psychological effort in situations where players pay attention to proper cues, and manage emotions under difficult circumstances. Tactical effort addressed the decision-making process of players and how they fulfilled their roles while taking into account the actions of their teammates and opponents. Based on these findings, a model of perceived distributed effort was developed, which delineates the elements that compose each of the aforementioned dimensions. Implications of perceived distributed effort in team coordination and shared mental models are discussed.  相似文献   

High Schools That Work and college preparedness: Measuring the model's impact on mathematics and science pipeline progression     

Luke C. Miller  Joel Mittleman 《Economics of Education Review》2012

The High Schools That Work school improvement initiative is the nation's largest comprehensive school reform model with over a thousand schools adopting its framework. The initiative's premise is that all students can meet the demands of a college preparatory curriculum if provided the right supports. Analyzing over a decade of data on student course taking and performance, we employ a rigorous comparative interrupted time series strategy to assess the extent to which HSTW meets its goal by increasing students’ successful progression through the mathematics and science pipelines. Each pipeline consists of three college preparatory courses: algebra 1, geometry, and algebra 2 in mathematics and biology plus two physical science courses in science. The results show no effect on pipeline progression for the average student and some evidence of increased gaps in course taking between more advantaged and disadvantaged students.  相似文献   

Surveillance,documentation and privacy: an international comparative analysis of state intelligence records     

Katherine M. Wisser  Joel A. Blanco-Rivera 《Archival Science》2016,16(2):125-147

The annals of modern history are replete with examples of how state agencies have constructed mechanisms to observe and document the subversive activities of internal parties or individuals as well as perceived foreign influences or threats. While the definition of “subversive” changes with governing parties, the documentation of previous systems persists in the custody of archival repositories. These files represent the lives and work of individuals, and archivists face significant moral and ethical challenges regarding their disposition. This comparative study examines cases from across the globe and throughout the twentieth century to reveal the dispositions of surveillance records. More specifically, the study identifies the main variables that impact how these files are handled. This study begins with a theoretical framework that identifies common trends in the archival literature regarding surveillance files and their place in recovery and reconciliation efforts. Definitions are provided to establish the boundaries of this work within a broad categorization of levels of access that emerged from the case studies. Each level of access is then explored more deeply using specific examples to illustrate the complexities of custody and access encountered with these records. Ultimately, the study of the disposition and access to surveillance files uncovers three interrelated themes: the power of records, the impact of archival practice and the need to fully explore the context in which those files are created and retained.  相似文献   

Correction to: Biology Undergraduate Students’ Graphing Practice in Digital Versus Pen and Paper Graphing Environments     

Gardner  Stephanie M.  Suazo-Flores  Elizabeth  Maruca  Susan  Abraham  Joel K.  Karippadath  Anupriya  Meir  Eli 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2021,30(3):447-447

Journal of Science Education and Technology - The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. The name of “Susan Maruca” is now corrected in the author group.  相似文献   

Justice and cultural conflict: Racism,sexism, and instructional materials     

Joel Taxel 《Interchange》1978,9(1):56-84

Conclusions This paper has sought to raise questions about the limits we have imposed on ourselves as we discuss the relationship between racism, sexism, and instructional materials. In addition to attempting to outline the historical evolution of concerns about the content of curricular materials, and the manner in which this issue is currently being debated, I have tried to demonstrate that the ground rules and definitions we have accepted have limited our ability to apprehend the real complexity of the issue (e.g., a definition of censorship which omits the notion of covert censorship). Perhaps the most important belief which I have sought to question is that the content of literary and curricular materials can be discussed in isolation from the ideologies which they consciously or unconsciously manifest. There is a relationship between these ideologies and the wider distribution of power and resources in society. To discuss challenges to racially or sexually biased instructional materials exclusively in terms of a perceived threat to intellectual freedom and in absence of a discussion of the role such materials play in the continuation and re-creation of racial and sexual discrimination in society is, as has been stated, to ignore matters which demand consideration. It is my conviction that the debate surrounding this question has, for too long, been abstracted from the concrete historical concerns of those directly involved, and has ignored the appeals to justice and fairness which adhere to the claims of those demanding redress of past grievances.Furthermore, the debate has been too often guided by assumptions (e.g., the existence of schools as an open and free marketplace for the exchange of all ideas) which simply cannot withstand close scrutiny. It is clear to me that the perspectives offered by the sociology of school knowledge offer the means to make possible a fuller disclosure of the serious issues raised by this controversy.  相似文献   

Preschoolers’ learning when pictures do not tell the whole story     

Nancy Digdon  Michael Pressley  Joel R. Levin 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》1985,33(2):139-145

Preschool children heard two ten-sentence stories. Each sentence was accompanied by two pictures (one of the subject and one of the object of the sentence), by a picture of the sentence’s subject, by a picture of the sentence’s object, or by no pictures. After presentation of the stories, the children answered questions requiring recall of the sentence objects. Only the two-picture illustration variation produced significantly beffer learning relative to no-picture control performance. This finding held both when children were instructed to make mental images representing the prose and when they simply listened to the text. The results are relevant both to theories of children’s imagery and to practical issues about how to illustrate children’s texts. This research was supported by a grant to the second author from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.  相似文献