Adolescents’ Friendships,Academic Achievement,and Risk Behaviors: Same-Behavior and Cross-Behavior Selection and Influence Processes     

Mariola C. Gremmen  Christian Berger  Allison M. Ryan  Christian E.G. Steglich  René Veenstra  Jan K. Dijkstra 《Child development》2019,90(2):e192-e211

This study examined to what extent adolescents’ and their friends’ risk behaviors (i.e., delinquency and alcohol use) hinder or promote their academic achievement (grade point average [GPA]), and vice versa. Longitudinal data were used (N = 1,219 seventh- to ninth-grade adolescents; M_age = 13.69). Results showed that risk behaviors negatively affected adolescents’ GPA, whereas GPA protected against engaging in risk behaviors. Moreover, adolescents tended to select friends who have similar behaviors and friends’ behaviors became more similar over time (same-behavior selection and influence). Furthermore, although same-behavior effects seemed to dominate, evidence was found for some cross-behavior selection effects and a tendency in seventh grade for cross-behavior influence effects. Concluding, it is important to investigate the interplay between different behaviors with longitudinal social network analysis.  相似文献   

The Development of Empathic Concern in Siblings: A Reciprocal Influence Model     

Marc Jambon  Sheri Madigan  André Plamondon  Ella Daniel  Jennifer M. Jenkins 《Child development》2019,90(5):1598-1613

This study utilized actor–partner interdependence modeling to examine the bidirectional effects of younger (M_age = 18 months) and older siblings (M_age = 48 months) on later empathy development in a large (n = 452 families), diverse (42% immigrant) Canadian sample. Controlling for parenting, demographic characteristics, sibling relationship quality, and within-child stability in empathic concern, both younger and older siblings’ observed empathic concern uniquely predicted relative increases in the other's empathy over a period of 18 months. The strength of the partner effects did not differ by birth order. Sex composition moderated the younger sibling partner effect, whereas age gap moderated the older sibling partner effect. This study highlights the important role that siblings play in enhancing the development of care and concern for others.  相似文献   

A specific benefit of retrieval-based concept mapping to enhance learning from texts     

Ortega-Tudela  Juana M.  Lechuga  M. Teresa  Gómez-Ariza  Carlos J. 《Instructional Science》2019,47(2):239-255

Instructional Science - Research has shown that retrieval activities, that is, actively recalling previously studied information, may substantially contribute to learning from complex educational...  相似文献   

The Role of Anatomy Computer-Assisted Learning on Spatial Abilities of Medical Students     

Bruno Guimarães  João Firmino-Machado  Stanislav Tsisar  Benedita Viana  Marco Pinto-Sousa  Pedro Vieira-Marques  Ricardo Cruz-Correia  Maria Amélia Ferreira 《Anatomical sciences education》2019,12(2):138-153

Currently, medical education context poses different challenges to anatomy, contributing to the introduction of new pedagogical approaches, such as computer-assisted learning (CAL). This approach provides insight into students' learning profiles and skills that enhance anatomy knowledge acquisition. To understand the influence of anatomy CAL on spatial abilities, a study was conducted. A total of 671 medical students attending Musculoskeletal (MA) and Cardiovascular Anatomy (CA) courses, were allocated to one of three groups (MA Group, CA Group, MA + CA Group). Students' pre-training and post-training spatial abilities were assessed through Mental Rotations Test (MRT), with scores ranging between 0-24. After CAL training sessions, students' spatial abilities performance improved (9.72 ± 4.79 vs. 17.05 ± 4.57, P < 0.001). Although male students in both MA Group and CA Group show better baseline spatial abilities, no sex differences were found after CAL training. The improvement in spatial abilities score between sessions (Delta MRT) was correlated with Musculoskeletal Anatomy training sessions in MA Group (r = 0.333, P < 0.001) and MA + CA Group (r = 0.342, P < 0.001), and with Cardiovascular Anatomy training sessions in CA Group (r = 0.461, P = 0.001) and MA + CA Group (r = 0.324, P = 0.001). Multiple linear regression models were used, considering the Delta MRT as dependent variable. An association of Delta MRT to the amount of CAL training and the baseline spatial abilities was observed. The results suggest that CAL training in anatomy has positive dose-dependent effect on spatial abilities.  相似文献   

The distinction of excellent students in the Portuguese state school as a strategy of educational marketing accountability     

Torres  Leonor L.  Palhares  José A.  Afonso  Almerindo J. 《Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability》2019,31(2):155-175

Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability - The mechanisms of academic distinction of the best students, such as the Honours Boards of Excellence and Value, emerge in Portuguese state...  相似文献   

A Critical Review of Students’ and Teachers’ Understandings of Nature of Science     

Cofré  Hernán  Núñez  Paola  Santibáñez  David  Pavez  José M.  Valencia  Martina  Vergara  Claudia 《Science & Education》2019,28(3-5):205-248

Science & Education - There is widespread agreement that an adequate understanding of the nature of science (NOS) is a critical component of scientific literacy and a major goal in science...  相似文献   

Light-load maximal lifting velocity full squat training program improves important physical and skill characteristics in futsal players     

Julio Torres-Torrelo  Juan José González-Badillo 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(10):967-975

This study aimed to compare the effect of 6 weeks of resistance training or combined resistance training and change of direction exercises on physical performance and motor skills in futsal players. Thirty-four futsal players were divided into full squat group (SG, n = 12), combined full squat and change of direction exercises group (S+CDG, n = 12) and control group (CG, n = 10). The resistance training for SG consisted of full squat with low load (~45–58% 1RM) and low volume (4–6 repetitions), whereas the S+CDG performed the same resistance training program combined with loaded change of direction. Sprint time in 10 and 20 m, change of direction test, countermovement vertical jump (CMJ) height, maximal strength and force–velocity relationship in full squat exercise, kicking speed ball (BS_mean) and repeated sprint ability (RSA_mean) were selected as testing variables. Both experimental groups showed significant improvements for CMJ, BS_mean and all strength parameters. Only SG resulted in significant sprint gains, whereas S+CDG also achieved significant improvements in RSA_mean. The CG remained unchanged after training period. No significant differences were found between both experimental groups. These findings suggest that only 12 sessions of either lightweight resistance training alone, lifting the load at maximal intended velocity or combined with change of direction exercises is enough to improve several physical and skills capacities critical to futsal performance in adult players.  相似文献   

Skating start propulsion: three-dimensional kinematic analysis of elite male and female ice hockey players     

Jaymee R. Shell  Shawn M. K. Robbins  Philippe C. Dixon  Philippe J. Renaud  René A. Turcotte  Tom Wu 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2017,16(3):313-324

The forward skating start is a fundamental skill for male and female ice hockey players. However, performance differences by athlete’s sex cannot be fully explained by physiological variables; hence, other factors such as skating technique warrant examination. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the body movement kinematics of ice hockey skating starts between elite male and female ice hockey participants. Male (n = 9) and female (n = 10) elite ice hockey players performed five forward skating start accelerations. An 18-camera motion capture system placed on the arena ice surface captured full-body kinematics during the first seven skating start steps within 15 meters. Males’ maximum skating speeds were greater than females. Skating technique sex differences were noted: in particular, females presented ~10° lower hip abduction throughout skating stance as well as ~10° greater knee extension at initial ice stance contact, conspicuously followed by a brief cessation in knee extension at the moment of ice contact, not evident in male skaters. Further study is warranted to explain why these skating technique differences exist in relation to factors such as differences in training, equipment, performance level, and anthropometrics.  相似文献   

Imagen especular e imagen antiespecular     

René Zazzo 《Infancia y Aprendizaje》2013,36(6):77-82

RESUMEN

Para afirmarse como sujeto el niño debe ser capaz de percibirse como objeto. El reconocimiento del otro precede a la identificación de sí mismo. La imagen de sí mismo en el espejo se identifica antes de que el niño se reconozca en foto o en filme. Hacia los 2,5 años se produce este reconocimiento en foto o en filme sin ambigüedad, mientras que la identificación de la imagen especular continúa siendo “frágil”, posiblemente debido a la perplejidad o incertidumbre que suscita. A partir de la observación de las reacciones de niños ante un espejo y en un video de sí mismos, se investiga cómo y cuándo el niño construye su propia imagen. Hasta el tercer año de vida, la reacción del niño ante la imagen especular es como si viera a otro niño, dándose intercambios sociales. La reacción de perplejidad desaparece cuando se consigue la plena apropiación de la imagen.  相似文献   

Can we dispense with mimesis in representation?     

José A. Díez 《Metascience》2012,21(1):105-110

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