Democratic school leadership reforms in Kenya: cultural and historical challenges     

Julius Jwan  Lesley Anderson  Nigel Bennett 《Journal of educational administration and history》2010,42(3):247-273

In this article we discuss students’, teachers’ and school principals’ perceptions of democratic school leadership reforms in Kenya. The article is based on a study that was conducted in two phases. In phase one (conducted between September and December 2007), interviews were undertaken with 12 school principals in which understandings of democratic school leadership were explored. These data were then used to develop a rationale for selecting the case schools. The second phase (conducted between January and April 2008) was an in‐depth case study of two schools. The findings reveal that school principals have made efforts to inculcate democratic school leadership by involving teachers in decision making on school matters. The principals also allow students to participate in matters such as election of prefects and holding class and house meetings. However, most teachers and principals do not support what they referred to as ‘full democracy’ for students and instead prefer what they called ‘partial democracy’ based on historical and cultural factors.  相似文献   

rivalry among minorities in higher education     

Julius menacker 《Equity & Excellence in Education》2013,46(6):24-27

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Education for liberation in Africa     

Mwalimu Julius  K. Nyerere 《Prospects》1975,5(1):3-11

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The relationship between civic attitudes and voting intention: an analysis of vocational upper secondary schools in England and Singapore     

Christine Han  Bryony Hoskins  Jasmine Boon-Yee Sim 《Compare》2014,44(5):801-825

From 2009 to 2011, a team from the Centre for Learning and Life Chances in Knowledge Economies and Societies carried out a mixed-methods study of young people in England and Singapore. With regard to civic attitudes, the study showed that there was a greater sense of political self-efficacy and collective (school) efficacy in Singapore than in England. In addition, the group in Singapore scored higher on future voting relative to the group in England. Further, while both political self-efficacy and collective (school) efficacy were correlated with future voting in England, only the latter was correlated in the case of Singapore. For some, the results may seem counter-intuitive. The article reflects on these results, particularly those relating to democratic outcomes.  相似文献   

Imagining a profession: a beginning teacher's story of isolation     

Kerryn McCluskey  Cheryl Sim  Greer Johnson 《Teaching Education》2013,24(1):79-90

Policy documents informing the profession of teaching in Australia and elsewhere explicitly recommend nurturing those new to the profession working collaboratively with colleagues. Key to the development and growth of beginning teachers is the informal exchange of ideas and knowledge between colleagues – essentially through the functioning of a community of practice. In practice there are beginning teachers who do not experience productive professional collaborations. In this article we use positioning theory and discourse analysis as a methodological “hearing aid” to listen to the story of a beginning teacher, a global English speaker, as she tells of her personal experiences of being excluded by her colleagues as she begins teaching at her first school. Speakers of global English are defined, for this research, as those for whom English is not their first language but may be one of many spoken languages. This story reflects similar accounts gathered during a larger research study conducted by the authors that focused on the early career experiences of global English speaking teachers. We conclude with suggestions for ways forward through awareness and practical reforms.  相似文献   

DETERMINING OUTCOMES OF COLLECTIVE BARGAINING IN TWO‐YEAR INSTITUTIONS‐PART 1     

Margaret K. Chandler  Daniel J. Julius 《Community College Journal of Research & Practice》2013,37(4):203-225

This research is presented in a two part series. The first article sets forth the objectives of the study and the research methodology and design. Basic demographic and institutional data are also presented. The second article in this series discusses interrelations among research data and presents conclusions and implications for practice.

An attempt is made to assess the extent to which faculty associations have penetrated certain management functions or rights. A related and second objective was to determine the impact of faculty unions on the traditional professional prerogatives of the faculty. The sample studied was approximately 63 percent of all collective bargaining agreements in existence at two‐year institutions. The authors also sought to develop predictors (institutional and demographic variables) of contractual language. In part 1, characteristics of institutions where contracts are in existence are discussed. A statistically significant relationship was found to exist between the demographic and institutional variables and the relative strength of contractual clauses in the areas of appointment, promotion, nonrenewal, tenure, long range planning, retrenchment and management rights. A complete breakdown of all variables utilized in this study can be found in the appendices  相似文献   

Curating disaster: a way to turn science into action in times of the Corona pandemic     

Julius Kob 《Journal of Cultural Economy》2020,13(5):642-651

ABSTRACT

To cure Covid-19 on a medical, political, economic, and societal level, there is a need to ‘curate’ between science and politics in such a way that decision-makers and societies can address the practical requirements at hand. This commentary introduces and discusses ‘curating’ as a socio-material practice mediating between science and decision-making. It reflects on the current Covid-19 pandemic and compares ‘curatorial’ aspects here to the field of natural catastrophe risk finance. As both areas try to manage disasters, the space between scientific knowledge and economic and/or political decision-making becomes a particularly important node. By employing a focus on catastrophe simulation modelling, this essay looks at several issues of the natural catastrophe field that may yield ways to deal with epidemic crises such as the Covid-19 pandemic. This commentary suggests putting greater emphasis on (and encourages a research focus on) the ‘curation’ between science and politics to improve decision-making for socio-material disasters.  相似文献   

Him Too? Cristiano Ronaldo and the News Coverage of a Rape Case Allegation     

Maria João Silveirinha  Rita Basílio Simões  Thâmara Santos 《Journalism Practice》2020,14(2):208-224

ABSTRACT

This paper uses critical thematic analysis to explore the news media coverage of a rape allegation case against the football player Cristiano Ronaldo. After providing the context of the case, we examine the literature on how rape cases are represented by the news media. We then proceed to a critical thematic analysis of a purposive sample of Portuguese national newspapers, first identifying ten sub-themes in a total of 140 news stories and opinion columns and then considering the patterns of three critical themes that tended to dismiss the allegations, highlight the seriousness of the allegations and neutralize sexual victimization. Each of these considers prevailing ideologies, news values and journalistic practices.  相似文献   

Towards an understanding of technical change in semi-industrialized countries     

Simón Teitel 《Research Policy》1981,10(2):127-147

Contrary to canventional wisdom, semi-industrialized countries engage, to an appreciable extent, in R&D activities leading to technical change. Much of their technical change activity consists of adaptation of foreign technology to local inputs and market preferences, and is carried out in response to contraints and distortions prevailing in their economies. Moreover, in this context, limited consideration is given to cost reduction, since the main objective is to manufacture under protection and technical change becomes a complementary response to the productive effort.A key factor in the ability to engage in such technical change activities is the availability of technically competent manpower, including scientists, engineers and technicians. At the same time, previous investment in the formation of such technical skills may result in an “excessive” supply of skilled labor, which , coupled with import constraints, will induce eexcessive adaptation of machinery and equipment and may deter from the importaion of new technology embodied in such equipment. Conversely, a pronounced scarcity of technicl skills may impade the adaptation of technology and result in excessive importantion of machinery and limit local efforts of modification, adaptation, etc.Because of the eay technical change is generated, it does not necessarily follow that it is all cases beneficial to the national economies of the countries in which it takes place. However, proper cost benefit accounting of the social returns to technical change activities is complicated by the intractable nature of many of the indirect and secondary effects, like learning from the R&D, or the impact of adaptation to domestic inputs in the development of local suppliers, etc. Also, th interdependencies between technical change and production and between various technical change activities are little understood.conventionall economic theory has contributed little to the understanding of the technical development process. The analysis of technical change in terms of the market failure metaphor, while providing useful insights, is also not very as far as understanding the problem of not very helpful as far as understanding the problem of technical change in semi-industrialized countries is concerned, since the roles of uncertainty and externalities in that situation are quite different from those foreseen in the market failure analysis for industrializerd countries. Special attention should be given to the possible application of the metaphor in trying to improve our understanding of the problems arising in the use of technical information and not only its creation. This would be particularly helpful in connection with the technical development problems of small enterprises not enjoying the benefits of the devesion of labor which are possible in larger firms.  相似文献   

An assessment arms race and its fallout: high-stakes grading and the case for slow scholarship     

Tony Harland  Angela McLean  Rob Wass  Ellen Miller  Kwong Nui Sim 《Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education》2015,40(4):528-541

This research questions the impact of assessment on university teaching and learning in circumstances where all student work is graded. Sixty-two students and lecturers were interviewed to explore their experiences of assessment at an institution that had adopted a modular course structure and largely unregulated numbers of internal assessments. Lecturers rewarded student work with grades and controlled study behaviour with assessment. In some situations it was possible to experience hundreds of graded assessments in an academic year. Students were single-minded when it came to grades and would not work without them. These conditions contributed to competition for student attention and a grading arms race between academics and subjects. In this context, the spaces for achieving certain educational objectives, such as fostering self-motivated learners, were marginalised. Both students and lecturers were unsatisfied with this situation, but neither group could envisage radical change. Students were generally happy to accumulate small marks, while being irritated and stressed by frequent grading. Lecturers were aware of better practices but felt trapped by circumstances. The idea of slow scholarship is introduced to encourage a re-think of such assessment practices, support a positive shift in assessment culture and contribute to the theories of assessment.  相似文献