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61.
学校改革的草根运动正在席卷日本全土。这种静悄悄的革命是如何生成的,提示了怎样的学校未来的形象呢?作为"学习共同体"的学校创建,在课堂教学的实践中实现着活动性、合作性、反思性的学习;在教职员室里孕育着作为反思性实践家的教师的同僚性;实现着社区的家长与市民参与的合作性学习。其基础就是立足于"倾听他者声音"的对话性沟通的创造。本文阐述了"学习共同体"的改革哲学是基于怎样的教育发展背景产生的,这种实践又将导致怎样的学校改革的愿景。 相似文献
62.
Shelley Alonso-Marsden Kenneth A. DodgeKaren J. O’Donnell Robert A. MurphyJeannine M. Sato Christina Christopoulos 《Child abuse & neglect》2013
Objective
As nurse home visiting to prevent child maltreatment grows in popularity with both program administrators and legislators, it is important to understand engagement in such programs in order to improve their community-wide effects. This report examines family demographic and infant health risk factors that predict engagement and follow-through in a universal home-based maltreatment prevention program for new mothers in Durham County, North Carolina.Methods
Trained staff members attempted to schedule home visits for all new mothers during the birthing hospital stay, and then nurses completed scheduled visits three to five weeks later. Medical record data was used to identify family demographic and infant health risk factors for maltreatment. These variables were used to predict program engagement (scheduling a visit) and follow-through (completing a scheduled visit).Results
Program staff members were successful in scheduling 78% of eligible families for a visit and completing 85% of scheduled visits. Overall, 66% of eligible families completed at least one visit. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses indicated that high demographic risk and low infant health risk were predictive of scheduling a visit. Both low demographic and infant health risk were predictive of visit completion.Conclusions
Findings suggest that while higher demographic risk increases families’ initial engagement, it might also inhibit their follow-through. Additionally, parents of medically at-risk infants may be particularly difficult to engage in universal home visiting interventions. Implications for recruitment strategies of home visiting programs are discussed. 相似文献63.
Ou Lydia Liu Kihyun Ryoo Marcia C. Linn Elissa Sato Vanessa Svihla 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(7):1044-1066
Although researchers call for inquiry learning in science, science assessments rarely capture the impact of inquiry instruction. This paper reports on the development and validation of assessments designed to measure middle-school students’ progress in gaining integrated understanding of energy while studying an inquiry-oriented curriculum. The assessment development was guided by the knowledge integration framework. Over 2 years of implementation, more than 4,000 students from 4 schools participated in the study, including a cross-sectional and a longitudinal cohort. Results from item response modeling analyses revealed that: (a) the assessments demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties in terms of reliability and validity; (b) both the cross-sectional and longitudinal cohorts made progress on integrating their understanding energy concepts; and (c) among many factors (e.g. gender, grade, school, and home language) associated with students’ science performance, unit implementation was the strongest predictor. 相似文献
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65.
Graduate adapted physical education (APE) courses have typically been taught using face-to-face formats where the instructor and learners physically meet in a classroom and engage in discussions and experiential exercises. However, because in-service physical educators have time demands associated with teaching, coaching, and family commitments, face-to-face meetings may not be feasible. Therefore, online learning may provide a more efficient and effective method for training in-service physical educators to become APE specialists. The purpose of this article is to disseminate guidelines for developing and implementing online coursework in APE within the theoretical framework of andragogy (adult learning). In this article, the authors describe characteristics and implementation of an online APE graduate course for in-service physical educators based on andragogy theory. Andragogy theory addresses the particular needs of adult learners and is based on the idea that there are significant differences in learning characteristics between children and adults (Knowles, 1989). This article first describes four components fundamental to andragogical instruction: experiential learning, self-directed learning, engagement, and transformative learning. The narratives provide information and characteristics about online APE course development for PE teachers’ professional development and how andragogy approach is a useful and beneficial approach to enhance learning. 相似文献
66.
佐藤将之 《科学．经济．社会》2021,39(1):118-128
本文欲阐明《吕氏春秋》撰写可能的动机以及其论述内容对战国末期当时的历史、思想角色上之固有意义.本文的论述内容可分成如下三点:(1)概述在前256年周室灭亡后产生的"后周鲁"时代的秦王之动态.(2)《吕氏春秋》的撰写目的是将治理天下人民的统治理论提供给秦王.就《吕氏春秋》作者(们)而言,借由此统治理论的实践,秦王从当今"实际上"(de facto)的"天子"能够提升为真正的天子.(3)关于《吕氏春秋》的内容是否受到《荀子》思想的影响这一点,笔者认为,《荀》《吕》两书的论述内容基本上是独自展开的,只是吕不韦可能继承了荀子的基本问题意识(即如何治理天下人民),并且将这样的论述转换成专为秦主实践的一种"行动计划"(action plan).总之,《吕氏春秋》所提出的治理天下的理论,对从前240—前230年代的秦廷以"间接支配周边诸侯和天下人民"的模式来与对外诸侯互动的政策应该发挥了某种影响力. 相似文献
67.
Taishu Nakamura Tasuku Miyoshi Shota Sato Motoki Takagi Yasuhisa Kamada Yoshiyuki Kobayashi 《Sports Engineering》2018,21(3):149-159
Soccer kicks are characterized by segmental and joint rotations in multiple planes, where large discrepancies between two- and three-dimensional analyses for angular measurements of soccer kicks exist. The aim of this study was to clarify the differences in motions of the lower limbs and the pelvis required to achieve a shot without rotations as compared with an instep kick. Kinematic parameters obtained from non-rotational shots and instep kicks were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA). The results clearly demonstrated that the PCA identified the differences in the instep kick and the non-rotational shot relative to the kinematic motions of the lower limbs and the pelvis. These findings suggest that the key issue for executing the NR shot is achieving a straight-line foot trajectory in the impact phase. 相似文献
68.
Nahoko Sato Hiroyuki Nunome Luke S. Hopper Yasuo Ikegami 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2019,18(1):28-38
Ankle taping is commonly used to prevent ankle sprains. However, kinematic assessments investigating the biomechanical effects of ankle taping have provided inconclusive results. This study aimed to determine the effect of ankle taping on the external ankle joint moments during a drop landing on a tilted surface at 25°. Twenty-five participants performed landings on a tilted force platform that caused ankle inversion with and without ankle taping. Landing kinematics were captured using a motion capture system. External ankle inversion moment, the angular impulse due to the medio-lateral and vertical components of ground reaction force (GRF) and their moment arm lengths about the ankle joint were analysed. The foot plantar inclination relative to the ground was assessed. In the taping condition, the foot plantar inclination and ankle inversion angular impulse were reduced significantly compared to that of the control. The only component of the external inversion moment to change significantly in the taped condition was a shortened medio-lateral GRF moment arm length. It can be assumed that the ankle taping altered the foot plantar inclination relative to the ground, thereby shortening the moment arm of medio-lateral GRF that resulted in the reduced ankle inversion angular impulse. 相似文献
69.
Kevin M. Carroll John P. Wagle Kimitake Sato Brad H. DeWeese Satoshi Mizuguchi Michael H. Stone 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2019,18(1):1-9
There is a need for reliable analysis techniques for kinetic data for coaches and sport scientists who employ athlete monitoring practices. The purpose of the study was: (1) to determine intra- and inter-rater reliability within a manual-based kinetic analysis program; and (2) to determine test-retest reliability of an algorithm-based kinetic analysis program. Five independent raters used a manual analysis program to analyse 100 isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) trials obtained from previously collected data. Each trial was analysed three times. The same IMTP trials were analysed using an algorithm-based analysis software. Variables measured were peak force, rate of force development from 0 to 50 ms (RFD50) and RFD from 0 to 200 ms (RFD200). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and coefficient of variation (CV) were used to assess intra- and inter-rater reliability. Nearly perfect reliability was observed for the manual-based (ICC > 0.92). However, poor intra- and inter-rater CV was observed for RFD (CV > 16.25% and CV > 32.27%, respectively). The algorithm-based method resulted in perfect reliability in all measurements (ICC = 1.0, CV = 0%). While manual methods of kinetic analysis may provide sufficient reliability, the perfect reliability observed within the algorithm-based method in the current study suggest it is a superior method for use in athlete monitoring programs. 相似文献
70.
The aims of this study were to determine the validity of fat mass of the trunk as a predictor for visceral fat area at the umbilicus level and to develop equations to predict visceral fat mass at the umbilicus level using fat mass of the trunk measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). The participants were 121 normal Japanese adults (69 males, 52 females). Another 60 volunteer adults (34 males, 26 females) were recruited for examination of cross-validity. Altogether, 41 adults (15 males, 26 females) in the original group and 19 adults (7 males, 12 females) in the cross-validity group received BIA measurement. We measured fat mass by DXA and the BIA system, which was a single-frequency BIA with 8-point contact electrodes, and visceral fat area by computed tomography. We observed significant correlations for visceral fat area in waist circumference (0.56) and fat mass of the trunk measured by DXA (0.64). There was no significant difference in fat mass of the trunk between the DXA and BIA systems, but the BIA system tended to provide an underestimate compared with DXA. With combined fat mass of the trunk measured by DXA and waist circumference as predictors, visceral fat area was estimated by equation (1) (R = 0.87, R(2) = 0.76, standard error of the estimate = 20.9 cm(2)). When substituting fat mass of the trunk measured by BIA into equation (1), there was no significant difference in visceral fat area between the reference and predicted values. An equation using fat mass of the trunk measured by BIA (equation 2) was obtained (R = 0.89, R(2) = 0.78, standard error of the estimate = 20.7 cm(2)), but a systematic error was found for the males. There was cross-validity in both equations. In conclusion, fat mass of the trunk is an effective predictor for the visceral fat area at the umbilicus level. Fat mass of the trunk measured by BIA might be a valid method to predict visceral fat, although further studies with larger samples taking into account the extent and type of obesity are required. 相似文献