Knowledge and its price     

Rüdiger Wischenbart 《Publishing Research Quarterly》2006,22(4):26-30

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Spielerziehung     

Hans-Jürgen Schaller  K. Dietrich 《Sportwissenschaft》1976,6(2):218-221

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„Von den Philanthropisten bis zu den Burschenschaftsturnern — die Anfänge der modernen Leibesübungen in Deutschland“     

M. Krüger 《Sportwissenschaft》1992,22(3):385-388

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Besprechungen     

O. Grupe  R. Prohl  M. Krüger  G. Hoffmann 《Sportwissenschaft》1996,26(1):101-114

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Contributors     

Claudia Strümpfel 《Minerva》1995,33(4):406-406

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Computer‐assisted applications in distance teaching and evaluation     

Helmuth Küffner 《Distance Education》1984,5(1):38-49

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National testing for college and university: The role of the Service for Admission to College and University (SACU) in Canadian higher education     

Vincent R. D'oyley  Hermann Müller-Solger 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1975,21(1):91-109

Taking the present crisis of the Canadian Service of Admission to College and University as a starting point, the authors examine the history of SACU, which in 1971 was still a comparatively efficient organisation. Changes in the wider society, such as growing provincialism in Canada as well as stagnation or decline in enrolment together with a broader acceptance of the philosophy of open admission, have led to a drastic decline in the number of participants in the tests and to severe criticism of the predominantly selective function of SACU. It is felt that a reorientation of the testing activities of SACU should be in the direction of distributive and counselling functions, thus adopting the 1970 recommendations of the Commission on Tests of the American College Entrance Examination Board.  相似文献   

Alter Sport in neuen Schulen?     

Jürgen Funke 《Sportwissenschaft》1975,5(3-4):298-312

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Profiles of educators: Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767–1835)     

Karl-Heinz Günther 《Prospects》1988,18(1):127-136

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Vertical microbubble column–A photonic lab-on-chip for cultivation and online analysis of yeast cell cultures     

Stefanie Demming  Gena Peterat  Andreu Llobera  Hannah Schmolke  Alexander Bruns  Michael Kohlstedt  Ala‘aldeen Al-Halhouli  Claus-Peter Klages  Rainer Krull  Stephanus Büttgenbach 《Biomicrofluidics》2012,6(3)

This paper presents a vertically positioned microfluidic system made of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and glass, which can be applied as a microbubble column (μBC) for biotechnological screening in suspension. In this μBC, microbubbles are produced in a cultivation chamber through an integrated nozzle structure. Thus, homogeneous suspension of biomass is achieved in the cultivation chamber without requiring additional mixing elements. Moreover, blockage due to produced carbon dioxide by the microorganisms—a problem predominant in common, horizontally positioned microbioreactors (MBRs)—is avoided, as the gas bubbles are released by buoyancy at the upper part of the microsystem. The patterned PDMS layer is based on an optimized two-lithographic process. Since the naturally hydrophobic PDMS causes problems for the sufficient production of microbubbles, a method based on polyelectrolyte multilayers is applied in order to allow continuous hydrophilization of the already bonded PDMS-glass-system. The μBC comprises various microelements, including stabilization of temperature, control of continuous bubble formation, and two optical configurations for measurement of optical density with two different sensitivities. In addition, the simple and robust application and handling of the μBC is achieved via a custom-made modular plug-in adapter. To validate the scalability from laboratory scale to microscale, and thus to demonstrate the successful application of the μBC as a screening instrument, a batch cultivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is performed in the μBC and compared to shake flask cultivation. Monitoring of the biomass growth in the μBC with the integrated online analytics resulted in a specific growth rate of 0.32 h⁻¹, which is almost identical to the one achieved in the shake flask cultivation (0.31 h⁻¹). Therefore, the validity of the μBC as an alternative screening tool compared to other conventional laboratory scale systems in bioprocess development is proven. In addition, vertically positioned microbioreactors show high potential in comparison to conventional screening tools, since they allow for high density of integrated online analytics and therefore minimize time and cost for screening and guarantee improved control and analysis of cultivation parameters.  相似文献