External work and peak power are reliable measures of ergometer grinding performance when tested under load,deck heel,and grinding direction conditions     

Simon Pearson  Patria Hume  David Slyfield  John Cronin 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(1):71-80

The reliability of grinding performance was assessed in 18 current Emirates Team New Zealand America's Cup sailors in two test sessions separated by 5 h using a custom-built ergometer. Sixteen different grinding conditions that varied by load (Light 39 N·m, Moderate 48 N·m, Heavy 68 N·m), deck heel (Flat 0° control, Downhill 25°, Uphill 25°, Right 25°, Left 25°), and grinding direction (forwards, backwards) were assessed using peak power and external work over 5 s during maximal-effort 8-s grinds. Reliability statistics included the difference in mean (M_diff), standard error of measurement (SEM), and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). External work (SEM = 1.6–6.9%; ICC = 0.91–0.99) was a more consistent performance measure than peak power (SEM = 1.3–9.6%; ICC = 0.84–0.99) across all test conditions. Testing under different load conditions resulted in external work SEMs of 1.6–3.9% with performance more reliable in lighter load conditions. Grinding performance during different heel conditions was less reliable (external work SEMs = 4.6–6.9%). Grinding direction (forward or backward) did not appear to affect performance reliability, although external work was 10–15% higher in forward grinding. Reliability is acceptable across various loads, but testing under different heel conditions may need some protocol development to allow the detection of smaller differences in performance.  相似文献   

Effective leadership for schools in a time of transition     

Donal Leader 《Irish Educational Studies》2013,32(1):286-298

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The Relationship Among Oral Language,Decoding Skills,and Reading Comprehension in Children with Autism     

Kathleen A. Cronin 《Exceptionality》2014,22(3):141-157

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among oral language, decoding, and reading comprehension for children with autism. Participants included 13 English-speaking children with a diagnosis of high-functioning autism (IQ > 70) who were included in a typical classroom, and who had parents who spoke English. Parts of the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals, OWLS: Listening Comprehension, and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test were administered to measure oral language abilities, and parts of the Woodcock Reading Mastery Test and Test of Word Reading Efficiency were given to assess decoding and reading comprehension. Results indicated there was no significant relationship between phonology and decoding, but there was a significant relationship between semantics and decoding. There were also significant relationships between semantics and comprehension and syntax and comprehension.  相似文献   

pth Moment exponential stability of impulsive stochastic functional differential equations and application to control problems of NNs     

Xiaodi Li  Quanxin Zhu  Donal O׳Regan 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2014

This paper investigates the pth moment exponential stability of impulsive stochastic functional differential equations. Some sufficient conditions are obtained to ensure the pth moment exponential stability of the equilibrium solution by the Razumikhin method and Lyapunov functions. Based on these results, we further discuss the pth moment exponential stability of generalized impulsive delay stochastic differential equations and stochastic Hopfield neural networks with multiple time-varying delays from the impulsive control point of view. The results derived in this paper improve and generalize some recent works reported in the literature. Moreover, we see that impulses do contribute to the stability of stochastic functional differential equations. Finally, two numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the efficiency of the results obtained.  相似文献   

Peers and Spheres of Influence: Situating Rob Kling     

Blaise Cronin  Debora Shaw 《The Information Society》2013,29(4):221-233

In this article we employ a number of bibliometric techniques to capture Rob Kling's intellectual impact and influences over the course of his varied career. We analyze his many publications in terms of type, topic, impact, and rate of co-authorship. We provide a detailed deconstruction of his citation identity (all those scholars whom he cited) and also his citation image makers (all those scholars who cited his work). In addition, we analyze acknowledgment data to gain deeper insights into the sociocognitive networks that sustained, and were sustained by Kling throughout his career.  相似文献   

Temporal and kinetic analysis of unilateral jumping in the vertical,horizontal, and lateral directions     

César M. P. Meylan  Kazunori Nosaka  Jonathon Green  John B. Cronin 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(5):545-554

Abstract

The aims of this study were to: (1) assess the reliability of various kinetic and temporal variables for unilateral vertical, horizontal, and lateral countermovement jumps; (2) determine whether there are differences in vertical ground reaction force production between the three types of jumps; (3) quantify the magnitude of asymmetry between limbs for variables that were established as reliable in a healthy population and whether asymmetries were consistent across jumps of different direction; and (4) establish the best kinetic predictor(s) of jump performance in the vertical, horizontal, and lateral planes of motion. Thirty team sport athletes performed three trials of the various countermovement jumps on both legs on two separate occasions. Eccentric and concentric peak force and concentric peak power were the only variables with acceptable reliability (coefficient of variation = 3.3–15.1%; intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.70–0.96). Eccentric and concentric peak vertical ground reaction force (14–16%) and concentric peak power (45–51%) were significantly (P < 0.01) greater in the vertical countermovement jump than in the horizontal countermovement jump and lateral countermovement jump, but no significant difference was found between the latter two jumps. No significant leg asymmetries (–2.1% to 9.3%) were found in any of the kinetic variables but significant differences were observed in jump height and distance. The best single predictors of vertical countermovement jump, horizontal countermovement jump, and lateral countermovement jump performance were concentric peak vertical power/body weight (79%), horizontal concentric peak power/body weight (42.6%), and eccentric peak vertical ground reaction force/body weight (14.9%) respectively. These findings are discussed in relation to monitoring and developing direction-specific jump performance.  相似文献   

Effects of upper and lower body wearable resistance on spatio-temporal and kinetic parameters during running     

Grace A. Couture  Kim D. Simperingham  John B. Cronin  Anna V. Lorimer  Andrew E. Kilding  Paul Macadam 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2020,19(5):633-651

ABSTRACT

Wearable resistance training involves added load attached directly to the body during sporting movements. The effects of load position during running are not yet fully established. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to determine spatio-temporal and kinetic characteristics during submaximal running using upper, lower and whole-body wearable resistance (1–10% body mass (BM)). Twelve trained male runners completed eight 2-min treadmill running bouts at 3.9 m/s with and without wearable resistance. The first and last bouts were unloaded, while the middle 6 were randomised wearable resistance conditions: upper body (UB) 5% BM, lower body (LB) 1%, 3%, 5% BM and whole body (WB) 5%, 10% BM. Wearable resistance of 1–10% BM resulted in a significant increase in heart rate (5.40–8.84%), but minimal impact on spatio-temporal variables. Loads of 5% BM and greater caused changes in vertical stiffness, vertical and horizontal force, and impulse. Functional and effective propulsive force (2.95%, 2.88%) and impulse (3.40%, 3.38%) were significantly (p < 0.05) greater with LB5% than UB5%. Wearable resistance may be used to increase muscular kinetics during running without negatively impacting spatio-temporal variables. The application of these findings will vary depending on athlete goals. Future longitudinal studies are required to validate training contentions.  相似文献   

Profiling the physical load on riders of top-level motorcycle circuit racing     

Emanuele D’Artibale  Paul B. Laursen  John B. Cronin 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(9):1061-1067

Manoeuvring a motorcycle at high-speed in official competition has been shown to expose riders to substantial and complex physiological and psychological demands, however few studies have analysed the physical load experienced by professional racers. This study aimed to quantify the physical stress experienced by riders and explore relationships between performance related variables (i.e. crashes). Performance and braking data were collected from official race reports from 2013 to 2015 of the top class of the FIM Road Racing Grand Prix World Championship. Top-level riders are exposed to a considerable volume (175 ± 42 brakes and 372 ± 48 leans to corner per race) of high intensity actions (>40% of brakes initiated at speeds higher than 260 km.h^?1, and 13.2% over 300 km.h^?1), where 1 out of every 4 braking actions generated inertial stresses greater than 10 m.s^?2. Furthermore, the mean speed across competitions increased over the years (from 161.7 ± 6 km.h^?1 to 164.5 ± 6 km.h^?1), however no clear relationships between the amount of crashes and competition-related factors were found. Given the findings it would seem that riders could benefit from strength training specifically designed to prepare the body to counteract the repetitive inertial stresses of racing.  相似文献   

Entrepreneurship in an Amateur World: The Gaelic Athletic Association in Ireland     

Mike Cronin 《国际体育史杂志》2018,35(7-8):694-708

Abstract

The Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) is unusual in the world of contemporary sport. While at the organizational level it is wholly corporate and follows standard global models of maximizing revenue from media deals and sponsorship, the players remain entirely amateur. As a result, rather than profits being removed from the organization in terms of dividends, the income is recycled through the grassroots of the organization so that local communities benefit. This is at odds with the two other major sports in Ireland, soccer and rugby, which both spend a large percentage of their revenue on player contracts and therefore only recycle comparatively small amounts of money to their grass roots. Historically, the GAA did not embrace entrepreneurship due to the nature of the general national economy, a lack of modernization and the drain of emigration from the island. It was only until the economic boom of the 1990s that the GAA began to innovate entrepreneurially, and the success of this strategy is evidenced by a healthy profit that is underpinned by a commitment to amateurism.  相似文献   

Counseling center outreach: A guide to simple,inexpensive programming     

Christopher Cronin 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》1992,15(4):253-261

Specific strategies for psychological, health, and academic outreach at a university counseling center are presented. Primary and secondary preventative programs targeting three identified group-students, faculty/staff and resident assistant-are discussed. All strategies presented require a minimum of staff and financial resources. Effectiveness as measured by percentage of target population reached is presented. It is suggested that the communication of effective outreach strategies may encourage other student service agencies to adopt and expand upon the programming.This work was completed while the author was director of the Counseling Center, University of Maryland, Munich Campus.  相似文献