Choice of Academic Major at a Public Research University: The Role of Gender and Self-Efficacy     

Iryna Y. Johnson  William B. Muse 《Research in higher education》2017,58(4):365-394

Females are underrepresented in certain disciplines, which translates into their having less promising career outlooks and lower earnings. This study examines the effects of socio-economic status, academic performance, high school curriculum and involvement in extra-curricular activities, as well as self-efficacy for academic achievement on choices of academic disciplines by males and females. Disciplines are classified based on Holland’s theory of personality-based career development. Different models for categorical outcome variables are compared including: multinomial logit, nested logit, and mixed logit. Based on the findings presented here, first generation status leads to a greater likelihood of choosing engineering careers for males but not for females. Financial difficulties have a greater effect on selecting scientific fields than engineering fields by females. The opposite is true for males. Passing grades in calculus, quantitative test scores, and years of mathematics in high school as well as self-ratings of abilities to analyze quantitative problems and to use computing are positively associated with choice of engineering fields.  相似文献   

Making Space for Place: Mapping Tools and Practices to Teach for Spatial Justice     

Laurie H. Rubel  Maren Hall-Wieckert  Vivian Y. Lim 《学习科学杂志》2017,26(4):643-687

This article presents a set of spatial tools for classroom learning about spatial justice. As part of a larger team, we designed a curriculum that engaged 10 learners with 3 spatial tools: (a) an oversized floor map, (b) interactive geographic information systems (GIS) maps, and (c) participatory mapping. We analyze how these tools supported learning using notions of politicization. The floor map fed conceptual understandings of the map as a representational text and served as the terrain for an embodied activity to support proportional reasoning about inequitable distributions of resources. The data-rich GIS maps and their zoomability allowed for coordinating across multiple variables to connect patterns in inequities to other social processes. The participatory mapping enabled learners to make discoveries about, connect, and share beyond the individual classroom counterstories from people in the lived streets of their neighborhood. In aggregate, this set of spatial tools produced a complex, hybrid view of the city’s space, which contributed to learners’ political formation.  相似文献   

Leveraging critical literacies for social change: questioning the culture of compliance at an ‘F’ school     

Katherine Crawford-Garrett  Michelle Perez  Amanda Y. Short 《Teaching Education》2017,28(3):227-243

This article traces the experiences of two veteran elementary school teachers in the urban Southwest, who are positioned by district and state policy ‘texts’ as insubordinate and failing, and who employ critical literacy practices to reconstruct and redesign these texts as they seek to create more equitable and humane conditions in schools. Stemming from a larger phenomenological study, this article explores how teachers in a ‘failing’ elementary school in the Southwestern US understand and negotiate district, state, and federal policies and examines how these policies shape and inform their identities as professionals. This research has important implications concerning the potential of critical literacy as a mode of resistance, the promise inherent in school/university partnerships for promoting change, and the ways in which the practice of deconstructing/reconstructing dehumanizing texts can foster a re-professionalization of teaching.  相似文献   

Exploring the use of the ICT in supporting dyslexic students’ preferred learning styles : A preliminary evaluation     

FatimaEzzahra Benmarrakchi  Jamal El Kafi  Ali Elhore  Sara Haie 《Education and Information Technologies》2017,22(6):2939-2957

Dyslexia is one of the most common learning disabilities. It is described as a disorder manifested by difficulty in learning to read despite conventional instruction, adequate intelligence, and sociocultural opportunity. It affects relatively about 7–10 % of the population across most languages and cultures. In this study, we explore the potential benefits offered by the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to support dyslexic students by considering their preferred learning styles. In the current paper we administered the VAK and Honey & Mumford questionnaires to 28 Arabic students with ages between 8 and 10 years old. 8 students from dyslexic group and 20 students from control group were selected to assess and compare their preferred learning style. The implemented system focuses on dyslexia in Arabic language, especially in Arabic countries such as Morocco. Based on the results of the analysis of learning styles differences, we introduced an adaptive mobile learning to support and promote learning for dyslexic students. The aim of the study is to consider the relationship between dyslexia and learning style and to suggest a different learning way. Preliminary results show that the ICT has a valuable role in providing opportunities for learners with dyslexia to participate more fully in education.  相似文献   

Patterns of participation in year 9 academic testing and factors predicting absence on the day of test     

Janice W. Y. Wong  Melissa O’Donnell  Donna Bayliss  Janet Fletcher  Rebecca Glauert 《Educational Research for Policy and Practice》2017,16(2):109-127

Policies aiming to improve educational outcomes are typically based on academic testing data. However, such data only reflect the performance of students who completed the tests. It is possible that students who were absent have shared characteristics. The proportion of students absent out of all eligible school students and whether they have shared characteristics has not been investigated, as this is only possible through the use of linked administrative data. Participants were born in Western Australia in 1994 and 1995, and their birth records were linked to participation status in the Year 9 academic tests to determine the proportion of students who were absent. Logistic regression was conducted to investigate characteristics which predicted absence on test day. A proportion of non-Aboriginal (3.2 %) and Aboriginal students (21.9 %) were absent on test day. Risk factors which predicted the absence included contact with Child Protection and Family Services, history of maternal mental health problems, and fathers aged below 20 years at the time of their child’s birth. A significant proportion of students was absent and therefore not represented in academic achievement information. These students were more likely to have experienced adverse events and therefore are not randomly absent. As these data are typically used to inform policies which aim to improve educational outcomes, they may lack the necessary information to adequately address the complex needs of students who are absent on test day. However, findings suggest that service providers, as well as schools may play an important role in encouraging participation in school.  相似文献   

中国委陵菜属植物研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

俞德浚  李朝銮 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1980,18(1):1-14

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我国国立科研机构全链条式创新的模式研究――以中国科学院物理研究所的锂离子电池研究为例          下载免费PDF全文

文亚  黄学杰  朱春丽 《中国科学院院刊》2019,34(12):1450-1457

全链条创新经历基础研究到最终产业化,周期长,涉及核心关键技术多,是国家实现创新驱动发展的重要路径之一。但是要实现全链条周期的穿越,以及从学术界到产业界的跨越,涉及科技、市场、评价、人才等众多要素,是一个复杂和充满挑战的过程,锂离子电池技术的研究以及产业化就是一个典型的例子。中国科学院物理研究所在过去40余年中,围绕锂离子电池领域进行了很多有益的探索,对全链条创新所需的生态和条件积累了一些初步认识。文章通过对该过程的梳理与分析,对新时期科研机构探索践行创新驱动发展战略提供可供借鉴的经验。  相似文献   

A uniformly loaded infinite-length thin plate bent to a cylindrical surface in the presence of couple-stresses     

Y.C. Hsu 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1971

Exact solutions, based on couple-stresses plane strain theory of elasticity, are presented for the normal, shear and couple-stresses, displacements and rotations of an infinite-length (in z-axis) rectangular thin plate simply supported at two opposite edges (i.e.x=±L) and bent by a uniform load. Exact solutions reduce to classical values as l→0. Here l is defined as the new elastic material constant taking account of couple stresses.  相似文献   

Theory of problem solving: by Ranan B. Banerji. 189 pages,diagrams, 6×9 in. New York,American Elsevier, 1969. Price, $14.50.     

Marshall C.Y. Kuo 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1971

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Information Economy and Changing Occupational Structure in Singapore   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Eddie C. Y. Kuo  Linda Low 《The Information Society》2001,17(4):281-293

Using population census data since 1921, this article traces changes in employment and occupational structure in Singapore in the past 80 years. This is a follow-up to an earlier paper by Kuo and Chen (1987) that reported the nascent formation of the information society in Singapore till the 1980s. It also makes an assessment of the role of proactive government policies in directing industrial restructuring and occupational changes in this city-state. It is found that the long-term growing trend in information-related occupations has been in tandem and supportive of industrial changes in Singapore. One more wave of growth of information producers (and certainly, innovators) and information distributors is expected in the next couple of decades. The momentum has started, and competition from regional countries similarly aspiring to be information and knowledge economies will quicken the pace. The government has initiated fundamental changes in the educational system to meet the challenges of the knowledge-based economy. The small city-state has also long adopted an adaptive philosophy to be responsive to the ever-changing environment, either in technology or in regional politics. Based on the trend analysis, it is expected that the emergent information society will graduate into full status when Singapore attains a developed country status in the forthcoming decades.  相似文献