Stories about the Birth of Modern Science     

Luciano?BoschieroEmail author 《Minerva》2005,43(3):311-318

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Cognitive modelling and the behaviour genetics of reading     

Anne Castles  Timothy Bates  Max Coltheart  Michelle Luciano  Nicholas G. Martin 《Journal of Research in Reading》2006,29(1):92-103

While it is well known that reading is highly heritable, less has been understood about the bases of these genetic influences. In this paper, we review the research that we have been conducting in recent years to examine genetic and environmental influences on the particular reading processes specified in the dual‐route cognitive model of reading. We argue that a detailed understanding of the role of genetic factors in reading acquisition requires the delineation and measurement of precise phenotypes, derived from well‐articulated models of the reading process. We report evidence for independent genetic influences on the lexical and nonlexical reading processes represented in the dual‐route model, based on studies of children with particular subtypes of dyslexia, and on univariate and multivariate genetic modelling of reading performance in the normally reading population.  相似文献   

Genetic and environmental bases of reading and spelling: A unified genetic dual route model     

Timothy C. Bates  Anne Castles  Michelle Luciano  Margaret J. Wright  Max Coltheart  Nicholas G. Martin 《Reading and writing》2007,20(1-2):147-171

We develop and test a dual-route model of genetic effects on reading aloud and spelling, based on irregular and non-word reading and spelling performance assessed in 1382 monozygotic and dizygotic twins. As in earlier research, most of the variance in reading was due to genetic effects. However, there were three more specific conclusions: the first was that most of the genetic effect is common to both regular and irregular reading. In addition to this common variance evidence was found for distinct genes influencing the acquisition of a lexicon of stored words, and additional genetic effects influencing the acquisition of grapheme–phoneme correspondence rules. The third conclusion, from a combined model of reading and spelling, is that reading and spelling have a common genetic basis. Models that did not distinguish lexical and non-lexical performance fit significantly worse than dual route genetic models. An implication of the research is that models of reading, whether connectionist or dual-route, must allow for the genetic independence of neurological processes underlying the decoding of non-words and irregular words.  相似文献   

The importance of documentation to the conservation of the 1955 welded steel sculpture Roundabout,by Leslie Thornton     

Stefania Agnoletti  Arianna Rachele Vecchierelli  Luciano Pensabene Buemi 《文物保护研究》2016,61(3):260-262

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Promoting Inclusion Via Cross‐Group Friendship: The Mediating Role of Change in Trust and Sympathy          下载免费PDF全文

Jeanine Grütter  Luciano Gasser  Antonio Zuffianò  Bertolt Meyer 《Child development》2018,89(4):e414-e430

To understand the conditions fostering positive outcomes of inclusive schooling, this two‐wave study examined the role of individual change in trust and sympathy for adolescents' cross‐group friendships and inclusive attitudes toward students with low academic achievement. Cross‐group friendships, intergroup trust, intergroup sympathy, and inclusive attitudes were obtained from surveys completed by 1,122 Swiss adolescents (M_{age T1} = 11.54 years, M_{age T2} = 12.58 years) from 61 school classes. Results from a parallel latent change score model revealed that the number of cross‐group friendships positively related to individual change in trust and sympathy; this growing trust and sympathy in turn predicted adolescents' inclusive attitudes. These findings are discussed regarding theories of intergroup contact and inclusive schooling.  相似文献   

Four challenges for a theory of informational privacy     

Luciano Floridi 《Ethics and Information Technology》2006,8(3):109-119

In this article, I summarise the ontological theory of informational privacy (an approach based on information ethics) and then discuss four types of interesting challenges confronting any theory of informational privacy: (1) parochial ontologies and non-Western approaches to informational privacy; (2) individualism and the anthropology of informational privacy; (3) the scope and limits of informational privacy; and (4) public, passive and active informational privacy. I argue that the ontological theory of informational privacy can cope with such challenges fairly successfully. In the conclusion, I discuss some of the work that lies ahead.  相似文献   

The Ontological Interpretation of Informational Privacy     

Luciano?FloridiEmail author 《Ethics and Information Technology》2005,7(4):185-200

The paper outlines a new interpretation of informational privacy and of its moral value. The main theses defended are: (a) informational privacy is a function of the ontological friction in the infosphere, that is, of the forces that oppose the information flow within the space of information; (b) digital ICTs (information and communication technologies) affect the ontological friction by changing the nature of the infosphere (re-ontologization); (c) digital ICTs can therefore both decrease and protect informational privacy but, most importantly, they can also alter its nature and hence our understanding and appreciation of it; (d) a change in our ontological perspective, brought about by digital ICTs, suggests considering each person as being constituted by his or her information and hence regarding a breach of one’s informational privacy as a form of aggression towards one’s personal identity.  相似文献   

The ethics of information transparency     

Matteo Turilli  Luciano Floridi 《Ethics and Information Technology》2009,11(2):105-112

The paper investigates the ethics of information transparency (henceforth transparency). It argues that transparency is not an ethical principle in itself but a pro-ethical condition for enabling or impairing other ethical practices or principles. A new definition of transparency is offered in order to take into account the dynamics of information production and the differences between data and information. It is then argued that the proposed definition provides a better understanding of what sort of information should be disclosed and what sort of information should be used in order to implement and make effective the ethical practices and principles to which an organisation is committed. The concepts of “heterogeneous organisation” and “autonomous computational artefact” are further defined in order to clarify the ethical implications of the technology used in implementing information transparency. It is argued that explicit ethical designs, which describe how ethical principles are embedded into the practice of software design, would represent valuable information that could be disclosed by organisations in order to support their ethical standing.  相似文献   

Time-motion analysis of goalball players in attacks: differences of the player positions and the throwing techniques*     

Lucas Antônio Monezi  Thiago Pinguelli Magalhães  Márcio Pereira Morato  Luciano Allegretti Mercadante  Milton Shoiti Misuta 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2019,18(5):470-481

In this study, we aimed to analyse goalball players time-motion variables (distance covered, time spent, maximum and average velocities) in official goalball match attacks, taking into account the attack phases (preparation and throwing), player position (centres and wings) and throwing techniques (frontal, spin and between the legs). A total of 365 attacks were assessed using a video based method (2D) through manual tracking using the Dvideo system. Inferential non-parametric statistics were applied for comparison of preparation vs. throwing phase, wings vs. centres and, among the throwing techniques, frontal, spin and between the legs. Significant differences were found between the attack preparation versus the throwing phase for all player time-motion variables: distance covered, time spent, maximum player velocity and average player velocity. Wing players performed most of the throws (85%) and covered longer distances than centres (1.65 vs 0.31 m). The between the legs and the spin throwing techniques presented greater values for most of the time-motion variables (distance covered, time spent and maximum player velocity) than did the frontal technique in both attack phases. These findings provide important information regarding players’ movement patterns during goalball matches that can be used to plan more effective training.  相似文献   

Scholars and their books     

K. Brad Wray  Luciano Boschiero 《Metascience》2018,27(1):1-2

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