Introducing Pre-university Students to Primary Scientific Literature Through Argumentation Analysis   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Marcel Koeneman  Martin Goedhart  Miriam Ossevoort 《Research in Science Education》2013,43(5):2009-2034

Primary scientific literature is one of the most important means of communication in science, written for peers in the scientific community. Primary literature provides an authentic context for showing students how scientists support their claims. Several teaching strategies have been proposed using (adapted) scientific publications, some for secondary education, but none of these strategies focused specifically on scientific argumentation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate a strategy for teaching pre-university students to read unadapted primary scientific literature, translated into students’ native language, based on a new argumentation analysis framework. This framework encompasses seven types of argumentative elements: motive, objective, main conclusion, implication, support, counterargument and refutation. During the intervention, students studied two research articles. We monitored students’ reading comprehension and their opinion on the articles and activities. After the intervention, we measured students’ ability to identify the argumentative elements in a third unadapted and translated research article. The presented framework enabled students to analyse the article by identifying the motive, objective, main conclusion and implication and part of the supports. Students stated that they found these activities useful. Most students understood the text on paragraph level and were able to read the article with some help for its vocabulary. We suggest that primary scientific literature has the potential to show students important aspects of the scientific process and to learn scientific vocabulary in an authentic context.  相似文献   

Somersaulting techniques used in high-scoring and low-scoring Roche vaults performed by male Olympic gymnasts     

Yoshiaki Takei  J. Hubert Dunn  Erik P. Blucker 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(6):673-685

Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare the somersaulting techniques used in the 16 highest-scoring and 16 lowest-scoring Roche vaults. Our hypothesis was that the gymnasts performing the highest-scoring Roche vaults would demonstrate a better technique than those performing the lowest-scoring Roche vaults while on the horse (pushing off the horse more effectively), somersaulting (executing most of the required somersaults higher in flight), and landing (showing a greater control). A 16-mm motion picture camera, operating at 100 Hz, recorded the vaults during the official competition. The two-dimensional direct linear transformation was used for spatial reconstruction. The results of t-tests (P < 0.05) indicated that, compared with the low-scoring gymnasts, the high-scoring gymnasts had: (1) greater height of body centre of mass and a more fully extended body position at the horse take-off; (2) greater height of body centre of mass at the peak of post-flight, knee release, and touchdown on the mat; (3) greater horizontal and vertical displacements of body centre of mass, greater somersaulting rotation, and longer time from the knee release to mat touchdown; and (d) markedly smaller landing point deductions. In conclusion, a successful Roche vault is likely when the focus is on: (a) leaving the horse with a large vertical velocity in an extended body position to achieve a high trajectory of centre of mass by first extending the legs, then immediately pushing off the horse vigorously, using the muscles of the upper extremity; (b) grasping the knees immediately after the take-off from the horse, achieving the tightly tucked body position early during the ascent to the peak, and completing two-thirds of the required somersaults at a great height; (c) releasing the knees and extending the body above the top level of the horse; and (d) contacting the mat with a high body centre of mass position.  相似文献   

Language development and observation of the local environment: First steps in providing primary-school science education for non-dominant groups     

Lillian Weber  Hubert Dyasi 《Prospects》1985,15(4):565-576

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Anonymity versus Commitment: the dangers of education on the Internet     

Hubert L.  Dreyfus 《Educational Philosophy and Theory》2002,34(4):369-378

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The intercultural dialogue: Cornerstone development     

Marcel Massé 《Int J Intercult Relat》1981,5(3):203-214

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Response Sets of Neophyte Counselors     

George M. Gazda  Hubert M. Clements  Jack A. Duncan  Carol L. Martin 《Counselor Education & Supervision》1967,6(3):151-156

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Teachers’ Emotional and Behavioral Support and Preschoolers’ Self-Regulation: Relations With Social and Emotional Skills During Play     

Martine L. Broekhuizen  Pauline L. Slot  Marcel A. G. van Aken  Judith S. Dubas 《Early education and development》2017,28(2):135-153

Research Findings: Drawing from a Dutch sample of 113 Dutch children (M age = 37 months, SD = 3.5) from 37 early care and education classrooms (19 child care centers and 18 preschools), this study examined whether the relation between classroom emotional and behavioral support and children’s observed social integration and positive mood in a play situation depends on children’s observed behavioral self-regulation. Multilevel analyses revealed a positive association between emotional and behavioral support and children’s social integration for children low on behavioral self-regulation, but there was no such association for children high on behavioral self-regulation. Contrary to our expectations, children low on behavioral self-regulation showed more integration in the case of relatively highly supportive classrooms but not less integration in classrooms that were low in support. For children’s positive mood, a positive association with emotional and behavioral support was found, and no association was found with behavioral self-regulation. Practice or Policy: This study’s findings highlight the importance of emotionally and behaviorally supportive classroom experiences for young children’s social and emotional skills. Moreover, results hint that experts should perhaps not see children low in behavioral self-regulation as always at risk for poorer social outcomes.  相似文献   

Identifying paths to audience success of media products: the media decision-makers’ perspective     

Marcel Verhoeven  M. Bjørn von Rimscha  Isabelle Krebs  Gabriele Siegert  Christoph Sommer 《媒体管理杂志》2018,20(1):51-77

Research on media success factors is a fragmented field. Definitions, measures, and methods vary, and findings are often inconsistent. In an attempt to fill this perceived research gap, we distilled generic success factors of media products from the literature. Guided by theory and empirical findings, these factors were aggregated to complex concepts, building blocks of success that we further investigated in an exploratory qualitative study. We found that the building blocks are applicable to all types of media, independent of seriality and content types of media products. Subsequently the research question of this article is: Which building blocks of success are most important for media products? To answer this question, we conducted an online survey of 255 media professionals in print, audio-visual, and online media in Austria, Germany and Switzerland. To analyze our data, we deployed qualitative comparative analysis, a method based on set theory that is suitable to investigate complex causality. We conclude that four building blocks are necessary for success: “good” distribution, environmental orientation, form/design, and human resources are preconditions for achieving success in terms of audience market share. In addition, three patterns emerge in the sufficient paths (combinations of building blocks) to success. Which route to success a media product shows can be related to the width of its topical scope and the corresponding projected audience size.  相似文献   

The politics of research misconduct: congressional oversight, universities, and science     

LaFollette MC 《The Journal of higher education》1994,65(3):261-285

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Progress in the measurement of laterality and implications for dyslexia research     

Merrill Hiscock  Marcel Kinsbourne M.D. 《Annals of dyslexia》1995,45(1):247-268

Much of contemporary laterality research has been motivated by a need to increase the accuracy with which individuals can be classified as left- or right-hemisphere dominant for speech and language. Efforts to improve the classification accuracy of laterality methods have led not only to the refinement of laterality methods but also to the discovery of some of the mechanisms that contribute to asymmetric performance. Despite these advances, laterality methods still do not lead to definitive conclusions about hemispheric specialization in the individual case, and special caution must be used when interpreting results for individual dyslexic children. Event-related measurements of cerebral metabolism, still in the development phase, promise to complement but not replace behavioral laterality methods.  相似文献