Net Locality: Why Location Matters in a Networked World,by Eric Gordon and Adriana de Souza e Silva     

Jason Vincent A. Cabañes 《Popular Communication》2014,12(1):69-71

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Ecological dynamics of continuous and categorical decision-making: The regatta start in sailing     

Duarte Araújo  Keith Davids  Ana Diniz  Luis Rocha  João Coelho Santos  Gonçalo Dias 《European Journal of Sport Science》2015,15(3):195-202

Abstract

Ecological dynamics of decision-making in the sport of sailing exemplifies emergent, conditionally coupled, co-adaptive behaviours. In this study, observation of the coupling dynamics of paired boats during competitive sailing showed that decision-making can be modelled as a self-sustained, co-adapting system of informationally coupled oscillators (boats). Bytracing the spatial–temporal displacements of the boats, time series analyses (autocorrelations, periodograms and running correlations) revealed that trajectories of match racing boats are coupled more than 88% of the time during a pre-start race, via continuous, competing co-adaptions between boats. Results showed that both the continuously selected trajectories of the sailors (12 years of age) and their categorical starting point locations were examples of emergent decisions. In this dynamical conception of decision-making behaviours, strategic positioning (categorical) and continuous displacement of a boat over the course in match-race sailing emerged as a function of interacting task, personal and environmental constraints. Results suggest how key interacting constraints could be manipulated in practice to enhance sailors' perceptual attunement to them in competition.  相似文献   

Gender and socioeconomic status differences in university students’ perception of social support     

Carolina?TinajeroEmail author  Zeltia?Martínez-López  Ma?Soledad?Rodríguez  Ma?Adelina?Guisande  Ma?Fernanda?Páramo 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2015,30(2):227-244

Perceived social support has been shown to be one of the most important protective factors for emerging adult students during their transition to university. However, the relationships between perceived social support and dimensions of gender and family background, which have been shown to affect adjustment to college life, remain unexplored. The current study analyzes the effect of gender, parents’ education, and family income level on social support perceived by Spanish university students. The sample consisted of 575 women and 280 men, of average age 18.02 years (SD?=?0.52) enrolled in the first year of degree courses at the University of Santiago de Compostela (Spain). Three measures were used to assess various facets of perceived social support, namely perceived acceptance, social provisions, and support availability and satisfaction. Gender differences were identified for several perceived social support dimensions; women reported a wider social network, which should cover more diverse needs of social support. In addition, differences related to mother’s education and family income level emerged for the availability of support and perceived acceptance. The results highlight the different role of gender and family background in several dimensions of perceived social support during the transition to emerging adulthood.  相似文献   

Homework and academic achievement across Spanish Compulsory Education     

José Carlos Núñez  Natalia Suárez  Rebeca Cerezo  Julio González-Pienda  Pedro Rosário  Rosa Mourão 《教育心理学》2015,35(6):726-746

Homework (HW) is one of the most common school-related activities among parents, students and teachers. However, the need to assign HW to students has been extensively debated. The present investigation examines the relationship between specific HW variables (i.e. amount of HW completed, time spent on HW and perceived quality of HW time management) and academic achievement, while controlling for students’ gender and grade level. Participants included 454 students (ranging from 10 to 16?years of age) from three schools in northern Spain. A multivariate analyses of variance and path analyses showed that the amount of HW completed decreased with increased schooling, as did students’ perceived quality of HW time management. Data from hierarchical regression analyses completed by path analyses provided evidence that time spent on HW conjointly with perceived quality of HW time management explains how academic achievement is mediated by the amount of HW completed. These findings deepen the understanding of the complex impact of time spent on HW and on academic achievement.  相似文献   

School Schedules Affect Sleep Timing in Children and Contribute to Partial Sleep Deprivation     

Tâmile Stella Anacleto  Taísa Adamowicz  Laura Simões da Costa Pinto  Fernando Mazzilli Louzada 《Mind, Brain, and Education》2014,8(4):169-174

Although the environmental light/dark cycle is the main zeitgeber for the human species, the social cues seem to be important in the synchronization of circadian rhythms. In Brazil, the existence of two school schedules—one with only morning classes (MG) and other with only afternoon classes (AG)—allows the investigation of the effect of school activities on light exposure and sleep/wake patterns in children. Forty‐seven children wore wrist actimeters for a week for registration of light and sleep data. MG children presented shorter sleep duration on school days than the children from the AG. The results showed that during school days MG children were exposed to bright light earlier in the morning when compared to AG children. Nevertheless, there were no differences in light exposure after sunset. The results reflect the role of school schedules and artificial light in shaping light exposure, and its association with sleep timing in children.  相似文献   

A long-awaited edition of Zermelo’s works     

José?FerreirósEmail author 《Metascience》2011,20(3):505-508

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Anticipatory strategies of team-handball goalkeepers     

Gutierrez-Davila M  Rojas FJ  Ortega M  Campos J  Parraga J 《Journal of sports sciences》2011,29(12):1321-1328

This study seeks to discover whether handball goalkeepers employ a general anticipatory strategy when facing long distance throws and the effect of uncertainty on these strategies. Seven goalkeepers and four throwers took part. We used a force platform to analyse the goalkeeper's movements on the basis of reaction forces and two video cameras synchronised at 500 Hz to film the throw using 3D video techniques. The goalkeepers initiated their movement towards the side of the throw 193 ± 67 ms before the release of the ball and when the uncertainty was reduced the time increased to 349 ± 71 ms. The kinematics analysis of their centre of mass indicated that there was an anticipatory strategy of movement with certain modifications when there was greater uncertainty. All the average scores referring to velocity and lateral movement of the goalkeeper's centre of mass are significantly greater than those recorded for the experimental situation with bigger uncertainty. The methodology used has enabled us to tackle the study of anticipation from an analysis of the movement used by goalkeepers to save the ball.  相似文献   

Science under Adversity: Latin American Medical Research and American Private Philanthropy, 1920-1960     

Cueto  Marcos 《Minerva》1997,35(3):233-245

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Self-training through the Internet     

António S. C. Fernandes  Maria João Martins 《European Journal of Engineering Education》2001,26(2):169-177

The development of five courses, aimed at advanced engineering training, using the Internet, is described in this paper. A European consortium was responsible for the development, implementation and testing of the courses through the organization of virtual classes on the Internet. An important outcome was the definition of the training service characteristics, which led to the development of a quality system based on four fundamental concepts: credit, accreditation, certification and qualification. Professionals of several age groups and industrial sectors with different expectations as well as engineering students attended pilot virtual classes. From the trainee's side, we report on how the training opportunity was received and how the training service provided was felt. The main project successes and a few weak points and a number of important recommendations are listed for future reference.  相似文献   

Implicit sequence learning is preserved in dyslexic children     

Filomena Inácio  Luís Faísca  Christian Forkstam  Susana Araújo  Inês Bramão  Alexandra Reis  Karl Magnus Petersson 《Annals of dyslexia》2018,68(1):1-14

This study investigates the implicit sequence learning abilities of dyslexic children using an artificial grammar learning task with an extended exposure period. Twenty children with developmental dyslexia participated in the study and were matched with two control groups—one matched for age and other for reading skills. During 3 days, all participants performed an acquisition task, where they were exposed to colored geometrical forms sequences with an underlying grammatical structure. On the last day, after the acquisition task, participants were tested in a grammaticality classification task. Implicit sequence learning was present in dyslexic children, as well as in both control groups, and no differences between groups were observed. These results suggest that implicit learning deficits per se cannot explain the characteristic reading difficulties of the dyslexics.  相似文献